8.Infection

Student: What is infection?

  什么是感染？

Professor: Infection is the state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host.  Sometimes it may mean a disease resulting from infection.

感染是一种感染因子在一个适当的宿主体表或体内定居后产生的状态。有时感染是指由感染造成的疾病。

S：Will the infection spread quickly in the human body?

感染在人体内会很快扩散吗？

P：No, not necessarily.  If the body's defensive mechanisms are effective, the infection may remain localized, subclinical and temporary.

不，不一定。如果人体的防御机制健全，感染可能仅仅是局部性的，亚临床性（临床不明显的）和暂时性的。

S：What. will be the result if the infection spreads?

如果感人扩散会怎么样呢？

P：If a local infection spreads, it will become an acute, subacute or chronic clinical infection or disease state.

如果局部感染扩散，就会变成一种急性，亚急性或慢性临床感染，也就是疾病的状态。

S：When does a local infection become systemic?

局部感染何时会变成全身性感染？

P：A local infection may become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system.

当微生物进入淋巴系统或血管系统时，局部感染就可能变成全身性感染。

S：Did we begin fighting against infections by using penicillin?

我们与感染作斗争是从使用青霉素开始的吗？

P：Surely.  Prior to the use of penicillin during World War II, physicians had no effective medicines to treat serious infections.

确实。在第次世界大战期间使用青霉素之前，医生们没有有效药物治疗严重感染。

S：What's the situation of coping with various kinds of infections today?

如今对付各种病毒又是怎样的呢？

P： Today we have more than 100 different antibiotics, and many other drugs to cope with infections.

如今我们有100多种抗生素、各种磺胺药和许多其他药物来对付各种感染

S：How about the functions of vaccines?

疫苗的作用如何呢？

P：The development of numerous vaccines has virtually wiped out many former killers both bacterial and viral.

各种疫苗的研制和使用实际上消灭了许多过去的杀手，包括细菌性和病毒性

S：It seems that infection are very easy to cope with today?

看起来病毒在今天很容易对付了？

P：No.Many strains of bacteria are now resistant to the drugs that once killed them and many viruses are not influenced by antiviral drugs.

不。许多菌株对过去曾经杀死他们的药物出现了抗药性，而许多病毒现在已经不受抗病毒药物影响了。

S：Oh,I see. That's why there are so many people who are suffering from various kinds of infections.

噢，我明白了。这就是为什么现在有许多人患有感染了。

P：We must clearly understand that infection is still a serious threat, evencin the highly advanced society. In Third World countries, infections diseases continue to cause high mortaliy.

我们必须清楚的认识到感染对我们仍然是严重的威胁，即使是在非常先进的社会也是一样。在第三世界国家里各种感染继续造成高死亡率。

S：Is it an arduous task lying before us to effectively fight against infections?

有效的战胜感染是摆在我们面前的一项艰巨任务吗?

P: Yes, it's really a long way to go.  But, with the development of medical science, many more effective new drugs and vaccines will surely be found.

是的，还有很长的路要走。但是，随着医学科技的发展，许多更有效的新药和疫苗一定会被找到。