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iOS之CAGradientLayer渐变色

iOS之CAGradientLayer渐变色

作者: 羽裳有涯 | 来源:发表于2019-01-22 10:21 被阅读15次

    一、CAGradientLayer介绍

    CAGradientLayer根据官方的解释是渐变层在其背景色上绘制颜色渐变,即是填充层的形状(包括圆角),通俗的来说就是根据shape形状来绘制渐变色。
    Gradient:本身就是梯度的意思,所以在这里就是作为渐变色来理解
    1,CAGradientLayer用于处理渐变色的层结构
    2,CAGradientLayer的渐变色可以做隐式动画
    3,大部分情况下,CAGradientLayer时和CAShapeLayer配合使用的。
    4,CAGradientLayer可以用作PNG的遮罩效果

    关于CAGradientLayer的坐标系统

    startPointendPoint分别为渐变的起始方向与结束方向,它是以矩形的四个角为基础的,(0,0)为左上角、(1,0)为右上角、(0,1)为左下角、(1,1)为右下角,默认是值是(0.5,0)和(0.5,1)

    1,CAGradientLayer的坐标系统是从(0,0)到(1,1)绘制的矩形
    2,CAGradientLayer的frame值的size不为正方形的话,坐标系统会被拉伸
    3,CAGradientLayer的startPoint和endPoint会直接决定颜色的绘制方向
    4,CAGradientLayer的颜色分割点时以0到1的比例来计算的

    二、CAGradientLayer属性介绍

    CAGradientLayer包含的属性很少,而且都很好理解,接下来就带大家简便的熟悉一下:

    1、CALayer的所有属性

    因为CAGradientLayer继承与CALayer,所以CAGradientLayer可以使用其父类CALayer所有开放的属性。

    2、colors
    /* The array of CGColorRef objects defining the color of each gradient
     * stop. Defaults to nil. Animatable. */
    
    @property(nullable, copy) NSArray *colors;
    
    

    设置渐变的颜色,这是个数组,可以添加多个颜色,例如:

    gradient.colors = @[(id)[UIColor blackColor].CGColor,(id)[UIColor whiteColor].CGColor];
    
    

    注:颜色属于CGColorRef类,所以必须加CGColor,而且前面还要加(id)

    3、locations
    /* An optional array of NSNumber objects defining the location of each
     * gradient stop as a value in the range [0,1]. The values must be
     * monotonically increasing. If a nil array is given, the stops are
     * assumed to spread uniformly across the [0,1] range. When rendered,
     * the colors are mapped to the output colorspace before being
     * interpolated. Defaults to nil. Animatable. */
    
    @property(nullable, copy) NSArray<NSNumber *> *locations;
    
    

    渐变颜色的区间分布,locations的数组长度和color一致也可以不一致,这个值一般不用管它,默认是nil,会平均分布。

    4、startPoint和endPoint
    /* The start and end points of the gradient when drawn into the layer's
     * coordinate space. The start point corresponds to the first gradient
     * stop, the end point to the last gradient stop. Both points are
     * defined in a unit coordinate space that is then mapped to the
     * layer's bounds rectangle when drawn. (I.e. [0,0] is the bottom-left
     * corner of the layer, [1,1] is the top-right corner.) The default values
     * are [.5,0] and [.5,1] respectively. Both are animatable. */
    
    @property CGPoint startPoint;
    @property CGPoint endPoint;
    
    

    startPointendPoint分别为渐变的起始方向与结束方向,它是以矩形的四个角为基础的,(0,0)为左上角、(1,0)为右上角、(0,1)为左下角、(1,1)为右下角,默认是值是(0.5,0)和(0.5,1),例如:

    //渐变从左下角开始
    gradient.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 1);
    //渐变到右上角结束
    gradient.endPoint = CGPointMake(1, 0);
    
    
    image
    5、type
    /* The kind of gradient that will be drawn. Currently the only allowed
     * value is `axial' (the default value). */
    
    @property(copy) NSString *type;
    
    

    默认值是kCAGradientLayerAxial,表示按像素均匀变化。除了默认值也无其它选项。

    三、代码

    UIView *colorView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    colorView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200);
    colorView.center = CGPointMake(375/2.0, 667/2.0-100);
    [self.view addSubview:colorView];
    
    CAGradientLayer *gradient = [CAGradientLayer layer];
    gradient.frame = colorView.bounds;
    gradient.colors = @[(id)[UIColor blackColor].CGColor,(id)[UIColor whiteColor].CGColor];
    gradient.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 1);
    gradient.endPoint = CGPointMake(1, 0);
    //    gradient.locations = @[@(0.5f), @(1.0f)];
    [colorView.layer addSublayer:gradient];
    
    

    这代码实现的渐变效果就和上图一样,接下来带大家分析一下locations的作用。
    在上面代码的基础上加上:

    gradient.locations = @[@(0.0f), @(1.0f)];
    
    

    则效果为:

    image

    这样的效果和没有加上这句代码的效果是一样的。
    同样在上面代码的基础上加上:

    gradient.locations = @[@(0.5f), @(1.0f)];
    
    

    则效果为:

    image

    可以发现左下三角形没有渐变,渐变的开始只是在斜对角线的位置然后到(1,0)位置结束。所以locations的真实作用是控制渐变发生的位置。

    CAGradientLayer时和CAShapeLayer

    - (void)setupView {
        CGFloat selfW = self.bounds.size.width;
        
        ///虚线圆View=============
        
        self.layer.cornerRadius = selfW/2;
        
        self.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
        
        self.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
        
        self.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(-M_PI_2);
        
        CGFloat lineWidth =22.0;
        
        CGFloat left =2;
        
        CGFloat width = selfW-left*2;
        //  第一层浅白色的虚线圆
        
        CAShapeLayer *circleShapeLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
        
        circleShapeLayer.strokeColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.64 green:0.71 blue:0.87 alpha:0.2].CGColor;
        
        circleShapeLayer.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
        
        circleShapeLayer.lineWidth= lineWidth;
        
        
        circleShapeLayer.path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake(left,left,width,width)].CGPath;
        
        [self.layer addSublayer:circleShapeLayer];
        
        // 第二层黄色黄色的圆
        
        self.circleShapeLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
        
        self.circleShapeLayer.strokeColor = [UIColor yellowColor].CGColor;
    //
        self.circleShapeLayer.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
        
        self.circleShapeLayer.lineWidth = lineWidth;
        
        self.circleShapeLayer.path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake(left,left,width,width)].CGPath;
        
        self.circleShapeLayer.strokeEnd = 0;
        
        [self.layer addSublayer:self.circleShapeLayer];
        
        //设置渐变颜色
        
        UIColor*endcolor =  [UIColor redColor];
        
        UIColor *startcolor = [UIColor greenColor];
        
        CAGradientLayer*gradientLayer =  [CAGradientLayer layer];
        
        gradientLayer.frame=self.bounds;
        
    //    [gradientLayer setColors:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)startcolor.CGColor,(id)endcolor.CGColor,nil]];
        gradientLayer.colors = @[(id)startcolor.CGColor,(id)endcolor.CGColor,(id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor,(id)[UIColor purpleColor].CGColor];
    //    gradientLayer.locations = @[@.25, @.25, @.25, @.25];
        gradientLayer.startPoint=CGPointMake(0,0);
    //
        gradientLayer.endPoint=CGPointMake(1,0);
        
        [gradientLayer setMask:self.circleShapeLayer]; //用progressLayer来截取渐变层
        
        [self.layer addSublayer:gradientLayer];
    
    }
    

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