django 阶段总结

作者: 爱修仙的道友 | 来源:发表于2019-03-10 22:23 被阅读0次

项目介绍：

学生后台管理系统：

增、删、改、查

建立模板

1.合理利用Bootstrap

进入官网 --> Bootstrap3中文文档 --> 起步 --> 寻找控制台界面

image.png

2.创建base模板

将网页源代码，以及css导入项目中，并构建视图函数即路由
views.py

from django.views import View
from django.shortcuts import render

class StudentIndex(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request, 'students/index.html')

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'index'

urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.StudentIndex.as_view(), name='index'),
]

进入该路由，并对base.html页面进行设计，删除不需要的区域，并对动态区域进行block 挖坑
最终 base.html

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    {% block title %}

    {% endblock %}

    <title>Dashboard Template for Bootstrap</title>

    <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Custom styles for this template -->
    <link href="{% static 'css/base/dashboard.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">

  </head>

  <body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Student 管理系统</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">论坛</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">文章</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">学员</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">退出</a></li>
          </ul>

        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li class="active"><a href="#">学生管理<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="#">区域管理</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">课程管理</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">班级管理</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">系统设置</a></li>
            <li><a href="">权限管理</a></li>
          </ul>

        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">

          <h2 class="sub-header">
            {% block section %}
              Base title
            {% endblock %}
          </h2>

          {% block content %}
          <div class="table-responsive">
            <table class="table table-striped">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>#</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,001</td>
                  <td>Lorem</td>
                  <td>ipsum</td>
                  <td>dolor</td>
                  <td>sit</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>
          {% endblock %}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript
    ================================================== -->
    <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="../../assets/js/vendor/jquery.min.js"><\/script>')</script>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>


  </body>
</html>

数据库设计

# models.py
from django.db import models


class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    age = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0)
    sex = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0)
    c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    e_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    # 逻辑删除
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    # 第一个参数 'Area' 字符串格式，
    # 不需要删除学生就删除地区，只需设置为空就好 on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True
    area = models.ForeignKey('Area', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
    def __str__(self):
        return '{}-{}'.format(self.id, self.name)

class StudentDetail(models.Model):
    qq = models.CharField(max_length=15,default='')
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=15,default='')
    college = models.CharField(max_length=20,default='')
    # models.OneToOneField('Student', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 第一个参数 相关联的主表(字符串格式)
    # 第二个参数 级联操作 on_delete=models.CASCADE 主表删除，子表也对应删除
    student = models.OneToOneField('Student', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return '{}号学生详情'.format(self.id)

# 地区表
# 一个学生只能在一个地区，一个地区可以有多个学生，须在学生字段添加外键（多的一方添加外键）
class Area(models.Model):
    address = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    def __str__(self):
        return '{}区域'.format(self.address)

# 课程表
class Course(models.Model):
    course = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程名称', max_length=20)
    # 多对多
    # 第一个参数 'Student' 字符串格式,
    # 第二个参数指定表，增加参数
    student = models.ManyToManyField('Student', through='Enroll')

    def __str__(self):
        return '{}课程'.format(self.course)

class Enroll(models.Model):
    student = models.ForeignKey('Student', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    course = models.ForeignKey('Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    pay = models.FloatField('缴费金额', default=0)
    c_time = models.DateTimeField('报名时间', auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return '{}学生报名了{}课程'.format(self.student, self.course)

makemigrations index
migrate index

导入测试数据

# 进入shell界面

搜索功能

index.html

{% extends 'base/base.html' %}
{% block title %}
  学生列表
{% endblock %}

{% block section %}
{{ section }}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
{# 内联搜索表单 #}
<form class="form-inline" style="margin-bottom: 10px" method="get">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="exampleInputName2"></label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2" name="search" placeholder="学生姓名/qq/电话" value={{ search }}>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>
  <a class="btn btn-default" href="{% url 'index:index' %}">重置</a>
</form>
{# 表单详情 #}
<div class="table-responsive">
  <table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
    <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>序号</th>
      <th>姓名</th>
      <th>年龄</th>
      <th>性别</th>
      <th>QQ</th>
      <th>电话</th>
      <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    {% for student in students %}
      <tr>
        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
        <td>{{ student.name }}</td>
        <td>{{ student.age }}</td>
        <td>{{ student.sex }}</td>
        <td>{{ student.studentdetail.qq|default:'未填' }}</td>
        <td>{{ student.studentdetail.phone|default:'未填' }}</td>
        {#    该处信息 https://v3.bootcss.com/css/#buttons 都可以找到信息    #}
        <td><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs active" role="button">编辑</a>|<a href="{% url 'index:delete' student.id %}" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs btn-danger" role="button">删除</a></td>

      </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
{% endblock %}

views.py

from django.db.models import Q
from django.views import View
from django.shortcuts import render

from . import models



class StudentIndex(View):
    def get(self,request):

        search = request.GET.get('search', '').strip()

        if search:
            if search.isdigit():

                students = models.Student.objects.select_related('studentdetail'). \
                    only('name', 'age', 'sex', 'studentdetail__qq', 'studentdetail__phone').filter(
                        Q(studentdetail__qq=search)|Q(studentdetail__phone=search), is_delete=False).order_by('-e_time')
            else:
                students = models.Student.objects.select_related('studentdetail'). \
                    only('name', 'age', 'sex', 'studentdetail__qq', 'studentdetail__phone').filter(
                        is_delete=False,name__icontains=search).order_by('-e_time')


        else:
            # 当数据量很大时，需要分页取值
            students = models.Student.objects.select_related('studentdetail').\
                only('name','age','sex','studentdetail__qq','studentdetail__phone').filter(is_delete=False).order_by('-e_time')

        section = '学生列表'
        context = {
            'section':section,
            'students':students,
            'search':search,

        }
        return render(request, 'students/index.html', context=context)

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'index'

urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.StudentIndex.as_view(), name='index'),
]

展示

image.png

删除功能

views.py

class StudentDelete(View):
    def get(self,request, student_id):
        stu = models.Student.objects.only('id').filter(is_delete=False,id=student_id).first()
        if stu:
            stu.is_delete=True
            stu.save()

        return redirect(reverse('index:index'))

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'index'

urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.StudentIndex.as_view(), name='index'),
    path('delete/<int:student_id>/', views.StudentDelete.as_view(), name='delete'),
]

新增功能

class StudentAdd(View):
    def get(self, request):
        courses = models.Course.objects.all()
        area = models.Area.objects.all()
        context = {
            'courses':courses,
            'area':area,
        }
        return render(request, 'students/edit.html',context=context)
    def post(self, request):
        data = {
            'name':request.POST.get('username',None),
            'age':request.POST.get('age',None),
            'sex':request.POST.get('sex',None),
            'area_id':request.POST.get('area',None),
        }
        # 主表保存
        student = models.Student(**data)
        student.save()

        # 从表保存
        student_datail =models.StudentDetail(
            qq = request.POST.get('qq', None),
            phone = request.POST.get('phone', None),
            student = student
        )
        student_datail.save()

        enroll = models.Enroll(
            course=models.Course.objects.filter(id=request.POST.get('course',None)).first(),
            student = student
        )
        enroll.save()

        return redirect(reverse('index:index'))

编辑功能

class StudentEdit(View):
    def get(self, request, student_id):
        student = models.Student.objects.select_related('studentdetail','area').filter(is_delete=False,id=student_id).first()
        courses = models.Course.objects.all()
        area = models.Area.objects.all()
        return render(request,'students/edit.html',locals())

    def post(self, request, student_id):
        student = models.Student.objects.select_related('studentdetail','area').filter(id=student_id).first()

        student.name =  request.POST.get('username', None)
        student.age = request.POST.get('age', None)
        student.sex = request.POST.get('sex', None)
        student.area_id = request.POST.get('area', None)

        student.save()

        # 从表保存
        student.studentdetail.qq =request.POST.get('qq', None)
        student.studentdetail.phone=request.POST.get('phone', None)
        student.studentdetail.save()

        enroll = models.Enroll(
            course=models.Course.objects.filter(id=request.POST.get('course', None)).first(),
            student=student
        )
        enroll.save()


        return redirect(reverse('index:index'))


{% extends 'base/base.html' %}
{% block title %}
  学生详情
{% endblock %}

{% block section %}
{{ section }}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<form class="form-horizontal" method="post">
  {% csrf_token %}

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
    <div class="col-sm-2">
        <input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" id="username" value="{{ student.name }}" placeholder="姓名">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
    <div class="col-sm-2">
      <input type="text" name="age" class="form-control" id="age" value="{{ student.age }}" placeholder="年龄">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="sex" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性别</label>
    <div class="col-sm-2">
      <label class="radio-inline">
       <input type="radio" name="sex" id="sex1" value="1" {% if student.sex == 1 %} checked {% endif %}  > 男
      </label>
      <label class="radio-inline">
       <input type="radio" name="sex" id="sex2" value="0" {% if student.sex == 0 %} checked {% endif %}> 女
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="qq" class="col-sm-2 control-label">QQ</label>
    <div class="col-sm-2">
      <input type="text" name="qq" class="form-control" id="qq" placeholder="QQ" value="{{ student.studentdetail.qq }}">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="phone" class="col-sm-2 control-label">电话</label>
    <div class="col-sm-2">
      <input type="text" name="phone" class="form-control" id="phone" value="{{ student.studentdetail.phone}}" placeholder="电话">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="course" class="col-sm-2 control-label">课程</label>
    <div class="col-sm-2">
      <select class="form-control" name="course">
        <option name="course" value="">{{ student.enroll_set.last.course|default:'未填' }}</option>
        {% for foo in courses %}
          <option name="course" value="{{ foo.id }}" >{{ foo.course }} </option>
        {% endfor %}
      </select>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="addr" class="col-sm-2 control-label">区域</label>
    <div class="col-sm-2">
      <select class="form-control" name="area">
        <option name="course" value="">{{ student.area.address|default:'未填' }}</option>
        {% for foo in area %}
          <option name="area" value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.address }}</option>
        {% endfor %}
      </select>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-2 col-xs-2 ">
      {% if student_id %}
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">更新</button>
      {% else %}
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">保存</button>
      {% endif %}

    </div>
  </div>
</form>
{% endblock %}

django 阶段总结

项目介绍：

建立模板

1.合理利用Bootstrap

2.创建base模板

数据库设计

搜索功能

删除功能

新增功能

编辑功能

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