maven运行时的配置文件settings.xml
安装位置
- 全局配置:${maven_home}/config/settings.xml
- 用户配置:~/.m2/settings.xml
如果全局配置与用户配置同时存在,会进行合并,相同配置则以用户配置优先。
配置节点
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<localRepository/>
<interactiveMode/>
<offline/>
<pluginGroups/>
<servers/>
<mirrors/>
<proxies/>
<profiles/>
<activeProfiles/>
</settings>
localRepository
本地仓库路径,不配置则默认为${user.home}/.m2/repository
interactiveMode
交互模式,是否接受用户输入,默认为true
offline
是否在离线模式下运行,默认是false
pluginGroups
插件。通过在pluginGroup节点下配置id标识,在命令行中使用到的插件需要在这里配置。注:org.apache.maven.plugins 和 org.codehaus.mojo里面的差价自动包含不需要配置。如下配置:
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<pluginGroups>
<pluginGroup>org.eclipse.jetty</pluginGroup>
</pluginGroups>
...
</settings>
如上配置可以在命令行执行如下命令:
mvn jetty:run
servers
在项目的POM中可以配置上传和下载( repositories and distributionManagement )的仓库,但是仓库对应的用户名、密码、秘钥、权限等敏感信息应当在构建服务器上配置,即在本节点之下。
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<servers>
<server>
<id>server001</id>
<username>my_login</username>
<password>my_password</password>
<privateKey>${user.home}/.ssh/id_dsa</privateKey>
<passphrase>some_passphrase</passphrase>
<filePermissions>664</filePermissions>
<directoryPermissions>775</directoryPermissions>
<configuration></configuration>
</server>
</servers>
...
</settings>
- id:服务器的id,需要与仓库和镜像中对应(repository/mirror)
mirrors
镜像仓库地址配置,参考地址
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>planetmirror.com</id>
<name>PlanetMirror Australia</name>
<url>http://downloads.planetmirror.com/pub/maven2</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
...
</settings>
- id:多个竟像时,id不能重复
- mirrorOf:当前id对应的镜像,不能与id相同
proxies
代理信息的配置
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<proxies>
<proxy>
<id>myproxy</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<host>proxy.somewhere.com</host>
<port>8080</port>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>somepassword</password>
<nonProxyHosts>*.google.com|ibiblio.org</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
</proxies>
...
</settings>
- active:true表示当前代理有效,false表示当前代理无效
- nonProxyHosts:不需要通过代理的主机
profiles
这里的profile是项目中pom.xml中profile节点的缩减版,是全局配置,并不针对于单独的项目。这里的profile只包含四个子节点,分别是:activation,repositories,properties,pluginRepositories
settings.xml中profile配置会覆盖项目中pom.xml或者 profiles.xml中配置
activation
这里配置的是profile的关键信息,与pom中的profile类似,可以定义指定环境下参数使用。
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>test</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.5</jdk>
<os>
<name>Windows XP</name>
<family>Windows</family>
<arch>x86</arch>
<version>5.1.2600</version>
</os>
<property>
<name>mavenVersion</name>
<value>2.0.3</value>
</property>
<file>
<exists>${basedir}/file2.properties</exists>
<missing>${basedir}/file1.properties</missing>
</file>
</activation>
...
</profile>
</profiles>
...
</settings>
- jdk:jdk版本配置,只是jdk版本的前缀,会在环境中寻找符合前缀条件的jdk来使用,maven2.1开始支持区间配置。参考
- os:系统配置。参考
- porperty:当maven需要某些属性的时候,会从这里寻找name,value对。可以与pom中配置相同的name,对应不同的value
- file:通过给定文件,在哪个文件存在,哪个文件不存在的情况profile生效
profile的生效与否不仅可以在这里配置,同时可以在命令行通过 -P profileid使其生效
通过maven-help-plugin查看当前构建下有效的profile
mvn help:active-profiles
properties
maven的属性通过占位符 ${X}来配置,在settings.xml中有5中不同格式的配置。
- env.X: Prefixing a variable with “env.” will return the shell’s environment variable. For example, path environment variable (%PATH% in Windows).
- project.x: A dot (.) notated path in the POM will contain the corresponding element’s value. For example: <project><version>1.0</version></project> is accessible via ${project.version}.
- settings.x: A dot (.) notated path in the settings.xml will contain the corresponding element’s value. For example: <settings><offline>false</offline></settings> is accessible via ${settings.offline}.
- Java System Properties: All properties accessible via java.lang.System.getProperties() are available as POM properties, such as ${java.home}.
- x: Set within a <properties /> element or an external files, the value may be used as ${someVar}.
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<profiles>
<profile>
...
<properties>
<user.install>${user.home}/our-project</user.install>
</properties>
...
</profile>
</profiles>
...
</settings>
repository
远程仓库的配置
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<profiles>
<profile>
...
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>codehausSnapshots</id>
<name>Codehaus Snapshots</name>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
<updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>fail</checksumPolicy>
</snapshots>
<url>http://snapshots.maven.codehaus.org/maven2</url>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
...
</pluginRepositories>
...
</profile>
</profiles>
...
</settings>
- enabled:true表示生效,false表示不生效
- updatePolicy:更新策略。可选值:always, daily (默认),interval:X (X整数,单位:分钟) , never
- checksumPolicy:部署到仓库策略。可选择:ignore,fail, warn on missing , incorrect checksums
- layout:maven2开始又默认配置
pluginRepositories
插件仓库配置,配置类似于repositories
activeProfiles
配置哪些profile是生效的,指向是profile的id,如果配置的id不存在,不会有任何问题。配置在settings.xml、pom.xml、和profile.xml中的profile都可以在这里指定。
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
...
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>env-test</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
</settings>
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