20190107 aforementioned

aforementioned

【英英释义】

adj. if you refer to the aforementioned person or subject, you mean the person or subject that has already been mentioned. (formal)

mentioned before in an earlier part of a document, article, book etc

【词义深度解析】

aforementioned，从构词上就可以看出afore+mentioned的意思为“前述的，前面提到的”，相当于that is previously mentioned，同义词above-mentioned，一般用在比较正式的口语和写作中，让语言变得简洁。

【例句学习】

1. Some brands, like the aforementioned the Sleeper, Fleur du Mal and Attico, were founded expressly to make all-day loungewear.

expressly adv. 专门地，明确地

loungewear /'laʊn(d)ʒweə/ n. 家常便服

2. Academic view: Learning how to trust

Ideally we shouldn't have to teach students how to be trustworthy. We might expect most to consider it the right thing to be in and of itself. Even for those less virtuous, there is a sound business case: research has shown that trusted leaders inspire teams to create more value, while employees who feel trusted reciprocate with superior performance.

However, high-profile affaires such as phone-tapping at News International, corporate scandals at Olympus and Siemens, or the shenanigans over British MPs' expense, suggest that not everybody ranks trust and trustworthiness as a work priority. Indeed, some care little for it, seeing it as naive or unreliable. Some even seek to thrive on wilful mistrust.

……

There are plenty of examples, including at the banks during the financial crisis or the aforementioned cases at New International and Siemens.

virtuous adj. 道德高尚的，正直的

a sound business case 一个健全的商业案例

reciprocate /rɪ'sɪprəket/ v. 回报，报答

high-profile adj. 备受关注的，引人注目的

phone-tapping n. 电话窃听

shenanigan /ʃəˈnænɪɡən/ n. 恶作剧，诡计；欺骗

wilful adj. 故意的，成心的

3. In contrast, philosophy graduates, whose salaries tend to be in line with those of their peers, actually earn around 10% less after taking into account the aforementioned controls.

in line with  与……一致，符合

【词汇运用】

1. 翻译：这本书第五章里的一个观点好像和前面提到的观点相冲突。

The idea in the fifth chapter of this book seems to be conflicting with the aforementioned one. （自己）

An argument in the fifth chapter seems to be contradictory to the aforementioned claim. （参考翻译）

分析：参考翻译用的非常好的词是claim，令我非常赞赏。我一直在想之前提到的观点，那个观点最好和句首的观点表达不同，用claim（主张）非常好。相比之下，idea比较普通一点。be contradictory to，与……相互矛盾，彻底对立。又学到一个新的表达。

2. 生活场景应用

Her choice of this christmas tree rather than the aforementioned cute crystal deer had amazed a lot of relatives.