Android WorkManager介绍

WorkManager是什么

WorkManager可以管理和执行一些后台任务，当条件达到时保证任务，在应用启动的情况下可以正常执行，在应用没启动的情况下也可以正常执行。

WorkManager的实现方案

1.WorkManager执行任务时应用程序还在运行，WorkManager会在应用程序进程中创建一个的新线程并在新线程中运行任务；
2.WorkManager执行任务时应用程序没有运行，WorkManager会选择适当的方式来安排后台任务 - 根据设备API级别和包含的依赖项，WorkManager可能会使用JobScheduler，Firebase JobDispatcher或AlarmManager。

workmanager.png

WorkManager相关类

WorkManager: 按照工作请求的约束条件调度和管理工作请求。
Worker:我们需要执行的任务，这是一个抽象类我们需要继承它在 doWork()方法中实现我们自己的业务逻辑。
WorkRequest: 工作请求，每个Worker想要被执行都需要想WorkManager发出一个WorkRequest，同时在WorkRequest中指定Worker执行的条件。
WorkStatus:WorkManager中Worker的状态信息。

WorkManager工作流程

任务类型有：典型任务，重复任务，链式任务，这三种任务都可以指定约束条件。
典型任务例子：
1.声明一个需要执行任务的类

public class SimpleWorker extends Worker {
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Result doWork() {
        //TODO 需要在任务中执行的业务逻辑
        Log.i("SimpleWorker", "doWork");
        return Result.SUCCESS;
    }
}

2.在Activity中运行一次任务

OneTimeWorkRequest workRequest = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker.class).build();
WorkManager.getInstance().enqueue(workRequest);

WorkManager的使用

WorkManager requires compileSdk version 28 or higher.
1.引入相关依赖到项目中

dependencies {
    def work_version = "1.0.0-alpha09"

    implementation "android.arch.work:work-runtime:$work_version" // use -ktx for Kotlin

    // optional - Firebase JobDispatcher support
    implementation "android.arch.work:work-firebase:$work_version"

    // optional - Test helpers
    androidTestImplementation "android.arch.work:work-testing:$work_version"
}

2.创建MViewModel类继承系统的AndroidViewModel（ViewModel的子类AndroidViewModel）

package com.architecture.demo;

import android.arch.lifecycle.LiveData;
import android.arch.lifecycle.Observer;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

import com.architecture.demo.util.CONSTANT;
import com.architecture.demo.util.Utils;
import com.architecture.demo.workManager.CollectAppInfoWorker;
import com.architecture.demo.workManager.SimpleWorker;
import com.architecture.demo.workManager.SimpleWorker2;
import com.architecture.demo.workManager.SimpleWorker3;
import com.architecture.demo.workManager.SimpleWorker4;
import com.architecture.demo.workManager.SimpleWorker5;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import androidx.work.Constraints;
import androidx.work.Data;
import androidx.work.NetworkType;
import androidx.work.OneTimeWorkRequest;
import androidx.work.PeriodicWorkRequest;
import androidx.work.State;
import androidx.work.WorkContinuation;
import androidx.work.WorkManager;
import androidx.work.WorkStatus;

public class WorkerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static String WORKER_TAG = "worker_tag";
    UUID mId;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_worker);
    }

    public void deleteFile(View view) {
        boolean delete = Utils.delete(CONSTANT.PATH);
        if (delete) Utils.showToast(getApplicationContext(), "删除成功！");
    }

    public void startOneTimeWorkRequest(View view) {
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequest = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(CollectAppInfoWorker.class).build();
        WorkManager.getInstance().enqueue(workRequest);
    }

    public void startPeriodicWorkRequest(View view) {
        PeriodicWorkRequest workRequest = new PeriodicWorkRequest
                .Builder(SimpleWorker.class, PeriodicWorkRequest.MIN_PERIODIC_INTERVAL_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                .addTag(WORKER_TAG)
                .build();
        mId = workRequest.getId();
        WorkManager.getInstance().enqueue(workRequest);

        LiveData<List<WorkStatus>> statusesByTag = WorkManager.getInstance().getStatusesByTag(WORKER_TAG);
        statusesByTag.observe(this, new Observer<List<WorkStatus>>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(@Nullable List<WorkStatus> workStatuses) {
                Log.i(CONSTANT.TAG_WORKER, "onChanged");
                if (workStatuses == null) return;
                for (WorkStatus workStatus : workStatuses) {
                    UUID id = workStatus.getId();
                    Log.i(CONSTANT.TAG_WORKER, "onChanged_id:" + id);
                    if (mId != id) break;
                    Data outputData = workStatus.getOutputData();
                    String data = outputData.getString("data");
                    Log.i(CONSTANT.TAG_WORKER, "data：" + data);
                    State state = workStatus.getState();
                    boolean finished = state.isFinished();
                    Log.i(CONSTANT.TAG_WORKER, "finished：" + finished);
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public void cancelPeriodicWorkRequest(View view) {
        WorkManager.getInstance().cancelAllWorkByTag(WORKER_TAG);
        /*//可以通过id或者tag删除worker
        if (mId != null) {
            WorkManager.getInstance().cancelWorkById(mId);
            mId = null;
        }*/
    }

    public void startContinuation(View view) {
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestA = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker.class).build();
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestB = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker2.class).build();
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestC = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker3.class).build();
        WorkManager.getInstance()
                .beginWith(workRequestA)
                .then(workRequestB)
                .then(workRequestC)
                .enqueue();
    }

    public void startMultiContinuation(View view) {
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestA = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker.class).build();
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestB = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker2.class).build();
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestC = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker3.class).build();
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestD = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker4.class).build();
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequestE = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker5.class).build();

        WorkContinuation chain1 = WorkManager.getInstance()
                .beginWith(workRequestA)
                .then(workRequestB);

        WorkContinuation chain2 = WorkManager.getInstance()
                .beginWith(workRequestC)
                .then(workRequestD);

        WorkContinuation chain3 = WorkContinuation
                .combine(chain1, chain2)
                .then(workRequestE);

        chain3.enqueue();
    }

    public void startConstraints(View view) {
        int type = Utils.getConnectedType(getApplicationContext());
        Log.i(CONSTANT.TAG_WORKER, "NetworkInfo：" + type);

        Constraints.Builder constraintsBuilder = new Constraints.Builder()
                .setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.NOT_REQUIRED)//指定任务执行时的网络状态,网络链接时候运行,默认NOT_REQUIRED
                .setRequiresBatteryNotLow(false)//指定设备电池电量低于阀值时是否启动任务,默认false 执行任务时电池电量不能偏低
                .setRequiresStorageNotLow(false)//指定设备储存空间低于阀值时是否启动任务,默认false  设备储存空间足够时才能执行
                .setRequiresCharging(false);//指定设备在充电时是否启动任务,默认false  在设备充电时才能执行任务
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            constraintsBuilder.setRequiresDeviceIdle(false);//指明设备为空闲时是否启动任务。 设备空闲时才能执行
        }

        Constraints constraints = constraintsBuilder.build();
        OneTimeWorkRequest workRequest = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SimpleWorker.class).setConstraints(constraints).build();
        WorkManager.getInstance().enqueue(workRequest);
    }
}

通过以上步骤既可完成WorkManager的简单使用。
Demo地址：
https://github.com/CongYiMing/ArchitectureDemo