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iOS的几种定时器(Timer)创建方式

iOS的几种定时器(Timer)创建方式

作者: Colbert_Z | 来源:发表于2019-08-19 17:39 被阅读0次

    开发过程中,遇到在某个时间或按照某个周期来执行一些方法的时候,就会用到定时器。下面就是几种开发中常见的定时器的创建方式。

    1.Timer(NSTimer)

    (1) target action:

        func testTimer(){
            let timer = Timer.init(timeInterval: 1, target: self, selector: #selector(timerAction), userInfo: nil, repeats: true)
            // 需要手动加入到runLoop中
            // 如果想不受scrollView页面滑动影响(滑动时不响应selector,滑动停止后恢复),需设置当前runloop的commonMode模式
            RunLoop.current.add(timer, forMode: .default)
        }
    
        @objc func timerAction(){
            print("timerAction")
        }
    

    (2) scheduledTimer block

    // 默认添加到runLoop中,使用defaultMode模式
    timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: 1, repeats: true, block: { (timer) in
                print("timerAction")
            })
    // 可以手动设置当前runloop的commonMode模式避免页面滑动影响
    RunLoop.current.add(timer, forMode: .common)
    

    NSTimer的执行依赖runLoop,如果当前runLoop正在执行一个连续性的运算,timer就会被延时触发。当延迟超过timer的一个重复周期,会在延时结束后按照指定的周期继续执行。

    2.GCD(DispatchSourceTimer)

    let gcdTimer = DispatchSource.makeTimerSource()
    gcdTimer.schedule(deadline: DispatchTime.now(), repeating: DispatchTimeInterval.seconds(1))
    gcdTimer.setEventHandler(handler: {
        print("GCD timerAction")
    })
    // 默认挂起状态,需手动启动
    gcdTimer.resume()
    // 挂起,挂起状态时不能释放(置为nil),会导致崩溃
    // 可以再次resume()唤起定时器
    gcdTimer.suspend()
    // 取消,解释定时任务
    // 取消任务后如果想再次执行Timer,只能重新创建一个 Timer
    gcdTimer.cancel()
    gcdTimer = nil
    

    GCD创建的Timer不受runLoop影响,使用DispatchSource,可以实现更加精准的定时效果。

    3.CADisplayLink

    let cadTimer = CADisplayLink(target: self, selector: #selector(timerAction))
    // 单位是帧,屏幕刷新多少帧时调用一次selector
    // 默认值为0,选择使用设备的最高屏幕刷新频率(iOS为60次每秒)
    // 所以执行时间间隔为:preferredFramesPerSecond * 最高屏幕刷新间隔,如iOS设备:preferredFramesPerSecond * 1/60 秒
    cadTimer.preferredFramesPerSecond = 20
    // 注册到runLoop中监听
    cadTimer.add(to: RunLoop.current, forMode: .default)
    // 挂起
    // cadTimer.isPaused = true
    
    // 终止
    cadTimer?.invalidate()
    cadTimer = nil
    

    由于跟屏幕刷新同步,非常适合UI的重复绘制,如:下载进度条,自定义动画设计,视频播放渲染等。

    4.RxSwift(interval/timer)

    // interval方式
    // period:每次发送的时间间隔,scheduler:调度者
    timer = Observable<Int>.interval(1, scheduler: MainScheduler.instance)  
    // timer方式
    //timer = Observable<Int>.timer(1, scheduler: MainScheduler.instance)
    timer?.subscribe(onNext: { (time) in
            print(time)
    })
    .disposed(by: disposeBag)
    

    源码解析:
    interval,timer创建都是使用以下初始化方式。

        public static func timer(_ dueTime: RxTimeInterval, period: RxTimeInterval? = nil, scheduler: SchedulerType)
            -> Observable<Element> {
            return Timer(
                dueTime: dueTime,
                period: period,
                scheduler: scheduler
            )
        }
    
    final private class Timer<Element: RxAbstractInteger>: Producer<Element> {
        fileprivate let _scheduler: SchedulerType
        fileprivate let _dueTime: RxTimeInterval
        fileprivate let _period: RxTimeInterval?
    
        init(dueTime: RxTimeInterval, period: RxTimeInterval?, scheduler: SchedulerType) {
            self._scheduler = scheduler
            self._dueTime = dueTime
            self._period = period
        }
    
        override func run<Observer: ObserverType>(_ observer: Observer, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where Observer.Element == Element {
            if self._period != nil {
                let sink = TimerSink(parent: self, observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
                let subscription = sink.run()
                return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
            }
            else {
                let sink = TimerOneOffSink(parent: self, observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
                let subscription = sink.run()
                return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
            }
        }
    }
    

    了解过RxSwift的同学,Timer类是不是很眼熟,是不是和AnonymousObservable非常相似,一样的继承Producer,一样的init方式,一样的run方法中创建sink。有兴趣的同学可以看看这两篇RxSwift(二)原理-执行流程
    RxSwift(三)原理深入探究

    原理和RxSwift核心原理差不多,只是生成了TimerSink或者TimerOneOffSinksink调用run方法,以TimerSink为例:
    跟一下源码:sink.run()

    final private class TimerSink<Observer: ObserverType> : Sink<Observer> where Observer.Element : RxAbstractInteger  {
        func run() -> Disposable {
            return self._parent._scheduler.schedulePeriodic(0 as Observer.Element, startAfter: self._parent._dueTime, period: self._parent._period!) { state in
                self._lock.lock(); defer { self._lock.unlock() }
                self.forwardOn(.next(state))
                return state &+ 1
            }
        }
    }
    
    public class SerialDispatchQueueScheduler : SchedulerType {
    /**
        Schedules a periodic piece of work.
        
        - parameter state: State passed to the action to be executed.
        - parameter startAfter: Period after which initial work should be run.
        - parameter period: Period for running the work periodically.
        - parameter action: Action to be executed.
        - returns: The disposable object used to cancel the scheduled action (best effort).
        */
        public func schedulePeriodic<StateType>(_ state: StateType, startAfter: RxTimeInterval, period: RxTimeInterval, action: @escaping (StateType) -> StateType) -> Disposable {
            return self.configuration.schedulePeriodic(state, startAfter: startAfter, period: period, action: action)
        }
    }
    
    extension DispatchQueueConfiguration {
    func schedulePeriodic<StateType>(_ state: StateType, startAfter: RxTimeInterval, period: RxTimeInterval, action: @escaping (StateType) -> StateType) -> Disposable {
            let initial = DispatchTime.now() + startAfter
    
            var timerState = state
    
            let timer = DispatchSource.makeTimerSource(queue: self.queue)
            timer.schedule(deadline: initial, repeating: period, leeway: self.leeway)
            
            var timerReference: DispatchSourceTimer? = timer
            let cancelTimer = Disposables.create {
                timerReference?.cancel()
                timerReference = nil
            }
    
            timer.setEventHandler(handler: {
                if cancelTimer.isDisposed {
                    return
                }
                timerState = action(timerState)
            })
            timer.resume()
            
            return cancelTimer
        }
    }
    

    可以看到这里其实就是初始化了一个DCD Timer,这里有一句关键代码:timerState = action(timerState)
    这里的action就是schedulePeriodic传入的闭包:

            { state in
                self._lock.lock(); defer { self._lock.unlock() }
                self.forwardOn(.next(state))
                return state &+ 1
            }
    

    闭包里通过state的递增,重复调用self.forwardOn(.next(state)),这句代码会调用self._observer.on(event),将event传入到subscribe()订阅方法中,订阅方法创建匿名观察者AnonymousObserver保存的闭包会根据传入的event枚举值对应到onNext()

    RxSwift的timer是封装的DispatchSource定时器的,所以也是不受runloop影响的。

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