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数据结构与算法

数据结构与算法

作者: 小婷android | 来源:发表于2018-01-23 14:12 被阅读0次

    一.数据结构

    1.定义:是计算机存储、组织数据的方式。数据结构是指相互之间存在一种或多种特定关系的数据元素的集合
    2.分类

    可分为两大类:逻辑结构和物理结构

    • 逻辑结构可分为:集合结构、线性结构、树形结构、圆形结构
    • 物理结构可分为:顺序存储结构、链表存储结构
    3.线性表
    image.png
    • 线性表可分为:顺序存储方式线性表、链表存储方式线性表
    (1)顺序存储方式线性表(可看ArrayList的源码)
    • 优点:查询快(可直接根据索引查找相应的数据)
    • 缺点:增删慢(需要将数据遍历copy到另外一个新的数组中,并且增删后,增删的这个数据后的所以数据都需要变动位置)


      image.png
      image.png
    (2)链表存储方式线性表(可看LinkedList源码)
    • 优点:增删快(可直接在任意位置添加数据,并且只需要变动之前相邻两个数据的第一个数据的next----new的数据;new的数据的next---之前第二个数据)
    • 缺点:查询慢(需要一个个查询,当然他可以根据你的角标和count/2做对比,如果是小于,则从前半段开始顺着着,否则,从后半段开始逆着找)

    二.栈和队列(可看Stack源码)

    1.栈

    定义:允许插入和删除的一端称为栈顶(top),另一端称为栈底(bottom),不含任何数据元素的栈称为空栈。栈又称为后进先出的线性表


    栈的顺序存储结构
    栈的链式存储结构
    2.队列

    定义:只允许在一端进行插入操作,在另一端进行删除操作的线性表。插入的一端称为队尾,删除的一端称为队头


    • 队列的链式存储结构(可看LinekedList源码的offer(插入)和poll(删除)方法)


      定义
      image.png
      空队列
    3.二叉树(前序遍历、中序遍历、后序遍历)
    public class BinaryTree {
    
        private TreeModle root;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            BinaryTree binaryTree = new BinaryTree();
            binaryTree.createBinaryTree();
            System.out.println("height:" + binaryTree.getHeight());
            System.out.println("size:" + binaryTree.getSize());
    //        binaryTree.preorder(binaryTree.root);
    //        System.out.println("------------------");
    //        binaryTree.midorder(binaryTree.root);
    //        System.out.println("------------------");
    //        binaryTree.nextorder(binaryTree.root);
    //        System.out.println("------------------");
    //        binaryTree.noPreOrder(binaryTree.root);
            ArrayList<String> data = new ArrayList<>();
            String[] s = {"A", "B", "D", "#", "#", "E", "#", "#", "C", "#", "F","#","#"};
            for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
                data.add(s[i]);
            }
            binaryTree.createBinaryTreePre(data);
            binaryTree.preorder(binaryTree.root);
    
    
        }
    
    
        public BinaryTree() {
            root = new TreeModle(1, "A");
        }
    
        /**
         * 构建二叉树
         * <p>
         * A
         * B     C
         * D     E     F
         */
        public void createBinaryTree() {
            TreeModle nodeB = new TreeModle(2, "B");
            TreeModle nodeC = new TreeModle(3, "C");
            TreeModle nodeD = new TreeModle(4, "D");
            TreeModle nodeE = new TreeModle(5, "E");
            TreeModle nodeF = new TreeModle(6, "F");
            root.leftTreeModle = nodeB;
            root.rightTreeModle = nodeC;
            nodeB.leftTreeModle = nodeD;
            nodeB.rightTreeModle = nodeE;
            nodeC.rightTreeModle = nodeF;
    
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 返项创建二叉树(ABD##E##C#F##)
         * @param data
         */
        public void createBinaryTreePre(ArrayList<String> data) {
            createBinaryTree(data.size(), data);
    
        }
    
        private TreeModle createBinaryTree(int size, ArrayList<String> data) {
            if (data.size() == 0) {
                return null;
            }
            String d = data.get(0);
            int index = size - data.size();
            TreeModle treeModle;
            if (d.equals("#")) {
                treeModle = null;
                data.remove(0);
                return treeModle;
    
    
            }
    
            treeModle = new TreeModle(index, d);
            if (index == 0) {
                //创建根节点
                root = treeModle;
            }
            data.remove(0);
            treeModle.leftTreeModle = createBinaryTree(size, data);
            treeModle.rightTreeModle = createBinaryTree(size, data);
    
            return treeModle;
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 求二叉树的高度
         */
        public int getHeight() {
            return getHeight(root);
        }
    
        private int getHeight(TreeModle treeModle) {
            if (treeModle == null) {
                return 0;
            } else {
                int i = getHeight(treeModle.leftTreeModle);
                int j = getHeight(treeModle.rightTreeModle);
                return (i < j) ? j + 1 : i + 1;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取二叉树的节点数
         */
        public int getSize() {
            return getSize(root);
        }
    
        private int getSize(TreeModle treeModle) {
            if (treeModle == null) {
                return 0;
            } else {
                return 1 + getSize(treeModle.leftTreeModle) + getSize(treeModle.rightTreeModle);
            }
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 前序遍历二叉树---迭代(跟左右)
         */
        public void preorder(TreeModle root) {
            if (root == null) {
                return;
            }
            System.out.println(root.getData());
            preorder(root.leftTreeModle);
            preorder(root.rightTreeModle);
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 前序遍历二叉树---非迭代
         */
        public void noPreOrder(TreeModle root) {
            if (root == null) {
                return;
            }
            Stack<TreeModle> stack = new Stack<>();
            stack.push(root);
            while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
                //弹出和入栈
                TreeModle pop = stack.pop();
                System.out.println(pop.getData());
                if (pop.rightTreeModle != null) {
                    stack.push(pop.rightTreeModle);
                }
                if (pop.leftTreeModle != null) {
                    stack.push(pop.leftTreeModle);
                }
    
    
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 中序遍历二叉树---迭代(左跟右)
         */
    
        public void midorder(TreeModle treeModle) {
            if (treeModle == null) {
                return;
            }
    
            midorder(treeModle.leftTreeModle);
            System.out.println(treeModle.getData());
            midorder(treeModle.rightTreeModle);
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 后续遍历---迭代(左右跟)
         */
        public void nextorder(TreeModle treeModle) {
            if (treeModle == null) {
                return;
            }
            nextorder(treeModle.leftTreeModle);
            nextorder(treeModle.rightTreeModle);
            System.out.println(treeModle.getData());
        }
    
        class TreeModle {
            public int index;
            public String data;
            public TreeModle leftTreeModle;
            public TreeModle rightTreeModle;
    
            public TreeModle(int index, String data) {
                this.index = index;
                this.data = data;
                this.leftTreeModle = null;
                this.rightTreeModle = null;
            }
    
            public int getIndex() {
                return index;
            }
    
            public void setIndex(int index) {
                this.index = index;
            }
    
            public String getData() {
                return data;
            }
    
            public void setData(String data) {
                this.data = data;
            }
    
            public TreeModle getLeftTreeModle() {
                return leftTreeModle;
            }
    
            public void setLeftTreeModle(TreeModle leftTreeModle) {
                this.leftTreeModle = leftTreeModle;
            }
    
            public TreeModle getRightTreeModle() {
                return rightTreeModle;
            }
    
            public void setRightTreeModle(TreeModle rightTreeModle) {
                this.rightTreeModle = rightTreeModle;
            }
        }
    
    
    }
    
    
    4.查找二叉树
    public class SearchBinaryTree {
    
        private TreeNode root;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SearchBinaryTree binaryTree = new SearchBinaryTree();
            int[] arrays = {55, 22, 88, 66, 1, 5, 50};
            for (int s : arrays) {
                binaryTree.put(s);
            }
    
    //        binaryTree.delete(55);
            binaryTree.midBinaryTree(binaryTree.root);
    
    
        }
    
        public SearchBinaryTree() {
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 查找二叉树
         *
         * @param data
         * @return
         */
        public TreeNode put(int data) {
    
            TreeNode node = null;
            TreeNode parent = null;
            if (root == null) {
                //创建根节点,然后return掉,不走下面的了
                node = new TreeNode(0, data);
                root = node;
                return node;
            }
    
            node = root;
            while (node != null) {
                parent = node;//作为父节点
                //不为空去判断传进来的数据和其相比
                if (data > node.data) {//传进来的数据大,放在根节点的右边,给TreeNode对象重新赋值后再去遍历
                    node = node.rightChild;
                } else if (data < node.data) {//传来的数据小于父节点,放在左边,给TreeNode对象重新赋值后再去遍历
                    node = node.leftChild;
                } else if (data == node.data) {
                    return node;
                }
    
            }
            //循环结束后,代表要存放该数据
            //创建新的节点
            node = new TreeNode(0, data);
            if (data > parent.data) {
                parent.rightChild = node;
            } else if (data < parent.data) {
                parent.leftChild = node;
            }
            node.parent = parent;
    
            return node;
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 删除二叉树
         */
        public void delete(TreeNode deleteNode) {
            //第一种情况删除没有子节点的节点
            if (deleteNode.leftChild == null && deleteNode.rightChild == null) {
                root = null;
            } else if (deleteNode == deleteNode.parent.leftChild) {
                deleteNode.parent.leftChild = null;
            }
    
    
        }
    
    
        public void midBinaryTree(TreeNode node) {
            if (node == null) {
                return;
            }
    
            midBinaryTree(node.leftChild);
            System.out.println(node.data);
            midBinaryTree(node.rightChild);
    
        }
    
    
        class TreeNode {
            public int data;
            public TreeNode leftChild;
            public TreeNode rightChild;
            public TreeNode parent;
            private int key;
    
            public TreeNode(int key, int data) {
                this.data = data;
                this.key = key;
                this.leftChild = null;
                this.rightChild = null;
                this.parent = null;
            }
    
            public int getData() {
                return data;
            }
    
            public void setData(int data) {
                this.data = data;
            }
    
            public TreeNode getLeftChild() {
                return leftChild;
            }
    
            public void setLeftChild(TreeNode leftChild) {
                this.leftChild = leftChild;
            }
    
            public TreeNode getRightChild() {
                return rightChild;
            }
    
            public void setRightChild(TreeNode rightChild) {
                this.rightChild = rightChild;
            }
    
            public TreeNode getParent() {
                return parent;
            }
    
            public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
                this.parent = parent;
            }
    
            public int getKey() {
                return key;
            }
    
            public void setKey(int key) {
                this.key = key;
            }
        }
    }
    
    

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