03.HttpClient

作者: 哈哈大圣 | 来源:发表于2019-03-27 19:47 被阅读101次

HttpClient

一、HttpClient介绍

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。HttpClient通俗的讲就是模拟了浏览器的行为，如果我们需要在后端向某一地址提交数据获取结果，就可以使用HttpClient。本案例提供了工具类HttpClient对原生HttpClient进行了封装

二、HttpClient的maven坐标

<dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.12</version>
  <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- HttpClientUtil -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
  <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
  <version>4.4.6</version>
  <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
  <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
  <version>4.5.3</version>
  <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
  <version>1.2.28</version>
</dependency>

三、HttpClient封装的工具类

package utils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
 * http请求客户端
 *
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class HttpClient {
    private String url;
    private Map<String, String> param;
    private int statusCode;
    private String content;
    private String xmlParam;
    private boolean isHttps;

    public boolean isHttps() {
        return isHttps;
    }

    public void setHttps(boolean isHttps) {
        this.isHttps = isHttps;
    }

    public String getXmlParam() {
        return xmlParam;
    }

    public void setXmlParam(String xmlParam) {
        this.xmlParam = xmlParam;
    }

    public HttpClient(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
        this.url = url;
        this.param = param;
    }

    public HttpClient(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }

    public void setParameter(Map<String, String> map) {
        param = map;
    }

    public void addParameter(String key, String value) {
        if (param == null)
            param = new HashMap<String, String>();
        param.put(key, value);
    }

    public void post() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        HttpPost http = new HttpPost(url);
        setEntity(http);
        execute(http);
    }

    public void put() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        HttpPut http = new HttpPut(url);
        setEntity(http);
        execute(http);
    }

    public void get() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        if (param != null) {
            StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder(this.url);
            boolean isFirst = true;
            for (String key : param.keySet()) {
                if (isFirst)
                    url.append("?");
                else
                    url.append("&");
                url.append(key).append("=").append(param.get(key));
            }
            this.url = url.toString();
        }
        HttpGet http = new HttpGet(url);
        execute(http);
    }

    /**
     * set http post,put param
     */
    private void setEntity(HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase http) {
        if (param != null) {
            List<NameValuePair> nvps = new LinkedList<NameValuePair>();
            for (String key : param.keySet())
                nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key))); // 参数
            http.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8)); // 设置参数
        }
        if (xmlParam != null) {
            http.setEntity(new StringEntity(xmlParam, Consts.UTF_8));
        }
    }

    private void execute(HttpUriRequest http) throws ClientProtocolException,
            IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        try {
            if (isHttps) {
                SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder()
                        .loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
                            // 信任所有
                            public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
                                    String authType)
                                    throws CertificateException {
                                return true;
                            }
                        }).build();
                SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
                        sslContext);
                httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf)
                        .build();
            } else {
                httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            }
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(http);
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    if (response.getStatusLine() != null)
                        statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                    // 响应内容
                    content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, Consts.UTF_8);
                }
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            httpClient.close();
        }
    }

    public int getStatusCode() {
        return statusCode;
    }

    public String getContent() throws ParseException, IOException {
        return content;
    }
}

四、HttpClient使用案例

案例中使用SpringSecurity框架：设置的拦截路径为 *.do

1.发送post表单

客户端

@org.junit.Test
public void test() throws Exception {
    Map map = new HashMap();
    map.put("name", "xiaoqing");
    map.put("age", "18");
    HttpClient client = new HttpClient("http://localhost:9003/httpClient/sendmap.do", map);
    // 是否是https协议
    client.setHttps(true);
    client.post();
    String content = client.getContent();
    System.out.println(content);
}

服务端

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/httpClient")
public class httpClientController {

    @RequestMapping("/sendmap")
    public Result getResponse(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam Integer age) {
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(age);

        Result result = new Result(true, "success");
        return result;
    }
}

2.发送xml

微信支付中可以如此使用

客户端

@org.junit.Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
    Map map = new HashMap();
    map.put("name", "xiaoqing");
    map.put("age", "18");
    HttpClient client = new HttpClient("http://localhost:9003/httpClient/sendxml.do");

    String paramXML = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n" +
                      "<request>\n" +
                      "   <name>xiaoqing</name>\n" +
                      "   <age>12</age>\n" +
                      "</request>";

    client.setXmlParam(paramXML);
    client.post();
    String content = client.getContent();
    System.out.println(content);
}

服务端pojo准备【需要被spring扫描】

@XmlRootElement(name = "request")
public class Girl implements Serializable {

    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    /** get/set ...  */

服务端controller

@RequestMapping("/sendxml")
public Result getResponse2(Girl girl) {
    System.out.println(girl);
    Result result = new Result(true, "success");
    return result;
}

四、使用原生HttpClient发送json格式的请求

1). 请求方法

package httpClient;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import utils.HttpClientUtil;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Test {

    /** 发送json数据 */
    @org.junit.Test
    public void test3() throws Exception {
         //CloseableHttpClient：建立一个可以关闭的httpClient
        //这样使得创建出来的HTTP实体，可以被Java虚拟机回收掉，不至于出现一直占用资源的情况。
        CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //设置请求超时时间
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(60000)
                .setConnectTimeout(60000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(60000)
                .build();

        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:9003/httpClient/sendjson.do");
            post.setConfig(requestConfig);

            //发送的参数数据
            Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("name","xiaoqing");
            map.put("age","18");

            //设置发送的数据
            StringEntity s = new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(map));
            s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            s.setContentType("application/json");//发送json数据需要设置contentType
            post.setEntity(s);

            //获取返回值
            CloseableHttpResponse res = closeableHttpClient.execute(post);
            if(res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());// 返回json格式：
                System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
                System.out.println(result);
                System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                // 关闭流并释放资源
                closeableHttpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

2). Controller

import com.lingting.pojo.Girl;
import com.lingting.pojo.Result;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * springMVC 服务层 Controller
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/httpClient")
public class httpClientController {

    @RequestMapping("/sendjson")
    public Result getResponse3(@RequestBody Map map) {
        System.out.println(map);
        Result result = new Result(true, "success");
        return result;
    }
}

03.HttpClient

HttpClient

一、HttpClient介绍

二、HttpClient的maven坐标

三、HttpClient封装的工具类

四、HttpClient使用案例

1.发送post表单

2.发送xml

四、使用原生HttpClient发送json格式的请求

1). 请求方法

2). Controller

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