Linux学习

一、相对和绝对路径
二、cd命令
三、创建和删除目录mkdir/rmdir
四、rm命令 

一、相对和绝对路径

1、绝对路径是从/开始的。

[root@01 ~]# ls /root/anaconda-ks.cfg 
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg

2、相对路径是相对你所在位置（目录）的一个路径

[root@01 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg 
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@01 ~]# 

3、pwd显示当前所在目录

[root@01 ~]# pwd
/root

二、CD命令

cd：change directory

1、cd - 切换目录

[root@01 ~]# cd /etc/
[root@01 etc]# cd -
/root
[root@01 ~]# cd -
/etc
[root@01 etc]# 

2、cd ~ 进入用户的家目录

[root@01 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/
[root@01 sysconfig]# cd ~
[root@01 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@01 ~]# 

3、cd ..返回上一级目录

[root@01 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@01 network-scripts]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@01 network-scripts]# cd ..
[root@01 sysconfig]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig
[root@01 sysconfig]# cd ..
[root@01 etc]# pwd
/etc
[root@01 etc]# cd ..
[root@01 /]# pwd
/
[root@01 /]# 

可以使用man cd查看该命令的使用说明。

三、创建和删除目录mkdir/rmdir

1、make directory 创建目录

[root@01 2]# ls -ld /tmp/liyang/1/2/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 12 08:11 /tmp/liyang/1/2/
[root@01 ~]# mkdir /tmp/liyang/1/2/
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/’: No such file or directory

2、mkdir -p级联创建，-v可视化创建

[root@01 ~]# mkdir -pv /tmp/liyang/1/2/
mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/liyang’
mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1’
mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/’
[root@01 ~]# date
Wed Sep 12 08:11:43 EDT 2018

3、rmdir remove directory删除目录，rmdir可以删除空目录，不能删除非空目录

[root@01 2]# rmdir /tmp/liyang/
rmdir: failed to remove ‘/tmp/liyang/’: Directory not empty
[root@01 2]# rmdir /tmp/liyang/1/2/
[root@01 2]# ls /tmp/liyang/1/
[root@01 2]# rmdir /tmp/liyang/
[root@01 2]# rmdir /tmp/liyang/1/
[root@01 2]# ls /tmp/liyang/
[root@01 2]# 

四、rm命令

1、rm可以删除文件和非空目录

[root@01 2]# mkdir -pv /tmp/liyang/1/2/3/4/
mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1’
mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2’
mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/3’
mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/3/4/’
[root@01 2]# tree /tmp/liyang/
/tmp/liyang/
└── 1
    └── 2
        └── 3
            └── 4

4 directories, 0 files
[root@01 2]# cd /tmp/liyang/1/2/3/4/
[root@01 4]# touch 1.txt
[root@01 4]# rm /tmp/liyang/1/2/3/4/1.txt 
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/3/4/1.txt’? y

2、rm -f 强制删除文件，不做任何提示，rm -r删除目录，组合使用rm -rf

[root@01 4]# rm -r /tmp/liyang/1/2/
rm: descend into directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/’? y
rm: descend into directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/3’? y
rm: remove directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/3/4’? y
rm: remove directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/3’? y
rm: remove directory ‘/tmp/liyang/1/2/’? y
[root@01 4]# cd /tmp/liyang/
[root@01 liyang]# ls
1
[root@01 liyang]# tree
.
└── 1

1 directory, 0 files
[root@01 liyang]# 
[root@01 liyang]# tree
.
└── 1
    └── 2
        └── 3
            └── 4
                └── 5
                    └── 7

6 directories, 0 files
[root@01 liyang]# rm -rf 1/
[root@01 liyang]# tree
.

0 directories, 0 files
[root@01 liyang]# 

3、-v参数可视化操作

[root@01 liyang]# mkdir -pv 1/2/3/4/5/7
mkdir: created directory ‘1’
mkdir: created directory ‘1/2’
mkdir: created directory ‘1/2/3’
mkdir: created directory ‘1/2/3/4’
mkdir: created directory ‘1/2/3/4/5’
mkdir: created directory ‘1/2/3/4/5/7’
[root@01 liyang]# rm -rfv 1/
removed directory: ‘1/2/3/4/5/7’
removed directory: ‘1/2/3/4/5’
removed directory: ‘1/2/3/4’
removed directory: ‘1/2/3’
removed directory: ‘1/2’
removed directory: ‘1/’
[root@01 liyang]#