美文网首页
Android APT-gradle3.x

Android APT-gradle3.x

作者: violet小咔咔 | 来源:发表于2020-04-22 21:52 被阅读0次

    背景

    一直在用,感谢有些荒废最近总结下APT,这里APT啊其实就是在编译期生成.java文件。
    APT(Annotation Processing Tool)是一种注解处理工具,它对源文件代码进行检测,找出其中的注解,并对此进行额外的处理,如检查代码书写规范,生成额外的源文件等(具体内容由注解处理器的实现所决定)。我们基本就是生成java文件用的多。

    场景

    1、多模块开发,解耦
    2、无缝衔接实现类
    这里我们就直接来干货、总结为主。

    材料

    • 注解类Annotation
    • 注解处理类

    注解类

    作用:标识当前APT姿势处理范围。
    这里我们是针对类处理@Target(ElementType.TYPE) ,这里我们是要在编译期生成类,所以保留位置@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
    Java中元注解有四个: @Retention @Target @Document @Inherited;
    @Retention:注解的保留位置         
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) // 默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到

    @Target:注解的作用目标
    @Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类、枚举
    @Target(ElementType.FIELD) //字段、枚举的常量
    @Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
    @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
    @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数
    @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)//局部变量
    @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)//注解
    @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) ///包

    import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
    import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
    import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
    import java.lang.annotation.Target;
    
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    public @interface TestAnno {
    }
    

    注解处理类

    作用:处理注解类所标识的类
    1、配置gradle

    apply plugin: 'java'
    sourceCompatibility = "1.7"
    targetCompatibility = "1.7"
    dependencies {
        compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
        compile 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc6'//谷歌的帮助我们快速实现注解处理器
        compile project(':annotion_a')//自己定义的注解的java lib
        compile 'com.squareup:javapoet:1.7.0'//用来生成java文件的,避免字符串拼接的尴尬
    }
    

    2、创建注解类处理类processer

    package notification.violet.com.annotion_compile;
    
    import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
    import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    import java.util.TreeMap;
    
    import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;
    import javax.annotation.processing.Filer;
    import javax.annotation.processing.Messager;
    import javax.annotation.processing.ProcessingEnvironment;
    import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;
    import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;
    import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
    import javax.lang.model.element.ElementKind;
    import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
    import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
    import javax.tools.Diagnostic;
    
    /**
     * Created by violet_k on 2020/4/6.
     */
    //@AutoService(Processor.class)
    public class ActivityInjectProcesser extends AbstractProcessor {
        private Filer mFiler; //文件相关的辅助类
        private Elements mElementUtils; //元素相关的辅助类  许多元素
        private Messager mMessager; //日志相关的辅助类
    
        private Map<String, AnnotatedClass> mAnnotatedClassMap;
    
        @Override
        public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
            super.init(processingEnv);
            mFiler = processingEnv.getFiler();
            mElementUtils = processingEnv.getElementUtils();
            mMessager = processingEnv.getMessager();
            mAnnotatedClassMap = new TreeMap<>();
            log("-------------------------初始化----------------------");
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
            mAnnotatedClassMap.clear();
            log("-------------------------执行----------------------");
            try {
                processActivityCheck(roundEnv);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                error(e.getMessage());
            }
    
            for (AnnotatedClass annotatedClass : mAnnotatedClassMap.values()) {
                try {
                    annotatedClass.generateActivityFile().writeTo(mFiler);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    error("Generate file failed, reason: %s", e.getMessage());
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
    
    
        private void processActivityCheck(RoundEnvironment roundEnv) throws IllegalArgumentException, ClassNotFoundException {
            //check ruleslass forName(String className
            for (Element element : roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith((Class<? extends Annotation>) Class.forName(TypeUtil.ANNOTATION_PATH))) {
                if (element.getKind() == ElementKind.CLASS) {
                    getAnnotatedClass(element);
                } else
                    error("ActivityInject only can use  in ElementKind.CLASS");
            }
        }
    
        private AnnotatedClass getAnnotatedClass(Element element) {
            // tipe . can not use chines  so  ....
            // get TypeElement  element is class's --->class  TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element
            //  get TypeElement  element is method's ---> TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element.getEnclosingElement();
            TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element;
            String fullName = typeElement.getQualifiedName().toString();
            AnnotatedClass annotatedClass = mAnnotatedClassMap.get(fullName);
            if (annotatedClass == null) {
                annotatedClass = new AnnotatedClass(typeElement, mElementUtils, mMessager);
                mAnnotatedClassMap.put(fullName, annotatedClass);
            }
            return annotatedClass;
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
            return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
            Set<String> types = new LinkedHashSet<>();
            types.add(TypeUtil.ANNOTATION_PATH);
            return types;
        }
    
        private void error(String msg, Object... args) {
            mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.ERROR, String.format(msg, args));
        }
    
        private void log(String msg, Object... args) {
            mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, String.format(msg, args));
        }
    }
    
    
    /**
     * Created by violet_k on 2020/4/6.
     */
    public class AnnotatedClass {
    
        private TypeElement mTypeElement;//activity  //fragmemt
        private Elements mElements;
        private Messager mMessager;//日志打印
    
        public AnnotatedClass(TypeElement typeElement, Elements elements, Messager messager) {
            mTypeElement = typeElement;
            mElements = elements;
            this.mMessager = messager;
        }
    
    
        public JavaFile generateActivityFile() {
            // build inject method
            MethodSpec.Builder injectMethod = MethodSpec.methodBuilder(TypeUtil.METHOD_NAME)
                    .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
                    .addParameter(TypeName.get(mTypeElement.asType()), "activity", Modifier.FINAL);
            injectMethod.addStatement("android.widget.Toast.makeText" +
                    "(activity, $S,android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();", "from build");
            //generaClass
            TypeSpec injectClass = TypeSpec.classBuilder(mTypeElement.getSimpleName() + "$$InjectActivity")
                    .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
                    .addMethod(injectMethod.build())
                    .build();
            String packgeName = mElements.getPackageOf(mTypeElement).getQualifiedName().toString();
            return JavaFile.builder(packgeName, injectClass).build();
        }
    
    }
    
    /**
     * Created by violet_k on 2020/4/6.
     */
    public class TypeUtil {
        public static final String METHOD_NAME = "inject";
        public static final String ANNOTATION_PATH = "notification.violet.com.annotion_a.TestAnno";
    }
    
    

    使用

    1、在project 的gradle中增加apt依赖

            classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'
    

    2、新建APP,在APP gradle中依赖之前定义注解和注解处理类

    apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
    依赖增加如下:
    compile project(':annotion_a')
    apt project(':annotion_compile')
    

    在MainActivity 头上加定义注解

    @TestAnno
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            //调用build生成的类
            InjectActivity.inject(this);
        }
    }
    

    3、然后直接通过类加载方式获取即可

    public class InjectActivity {
        private static final ArrayMap<String, Object> injectMap = new ArrayMap<>();
    
        public static void inject(AppCompatActivity activity) {
            String className = activity.getClass().getName();
            try {
                Object inject = injectMap.get(className);
    
                if (inject == null) {
                    Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(className + "$$InjectActivity");
                    inject = aClass.newInstance();
                    injectMap.put(className, inject);
                }
                Method m1 = inject.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("inject", activity.getClass());
                m1.invoke(inject, activity);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    

    小建议

    这里有一个auto-service,说到这个就要谈到SPI,这里不展开,我们这里小记下,如果auto-service和我们项目配置冲突,如何解决。
    这里auto-service作用:就是帮助我们配置对注解处理类生成META-INF说明, 如果说我们无法使用autoService,这里不要着急,解决如下:
    我们在main包下新建resources包,然后把META-INF放入,里面按照图中新建就OK,最后把你的注解类处理类全路径加入就OK。


    META-INF的路径.png
    javax.annotation.processing.Processor文件里面配置内容就是你的注解类处理类的全路径
    notification.violet.com.annotion_compile.ActivityInjectProcesser
    

    以上也是看了简书上优秀文章总结,代码经过一个简书文章改良而来,忘记链接了对不住,只记得代码作者:JokAr,非常感谢,如果作者看到了在下方留言链接,我贴到这里补充上~。
    补上github地址:
    https://github.com/violet520/Journey

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:Android APT-gradle3.x

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/zkcgihtx.html