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8-6 myorm以及metaclass和class

8-6 myorm以及metaclass和class

作者: 正在努力ing | 来源:发表于2018-08-26 15:36 被阅读0次
    init 是用来完善实例的属性的

    问题:new 到底是实例 还是 类?

    A: new 是用来创建实例的 ; 但是类是元类的实例,所以new 能影响元类的实例--即是类的--的创建

    程序运行class 语句时,就会创建类对象,建立存储地址;但是此时只建立了类对象,没有建立实例,就更加不会调用init;
    因为init 接受的第一个参数就是 类的实例对象;只有执行实例化语句时才会调用init

    __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)方法接收到的参数依次是:

    1. 当前准备创建的类的对象;
    2. 类的名字;
    3. 类继承的父类集合;
    4. 类的方法集合。
    
    # 元类
    import numbers
    class Field:
        pass
    
    class MetaClass(type):
        def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, *args, **kwargs):
            if name == "BaseClass":
                return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, *args, **kwargs)
            fields = {}
            for key,value in attrs.items():
                if isinstance(value, Field):
                    fields[key] = value
                # else:
                #     try:
                #         raise ValueError("类对象不是继承Filed类")
                #     except:
                #         print("errror")
    
    
            _Meta = {}
            meta_table = getattr(attrs, "Meta", None)
            db_table = name.lower()
            if meta_table is not None:
                table = meta_table["db_table"]
                if table is not None:
                    db_table = table
            _Meta["db_table"] = db_table
    
            attrs["fields"] = fields
            attrs["_Meta"] = _Meta
            # del attrs["Meta"]
    
            return super().__new__(cls,name, bases, attrs, *args, **kwargs)
    
    
    class BaseClass(metaclass=MetaClass):
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            for key,value in kwargs.items():
                setattr(self,key,value)
            return super(BaseClass, self).__init__()
    
    
    
    class IntField(Field):
        def __init__(self,db_colum,max_length,min_length):
            self.db_colum = db_colum
            self.max_length = max_length
            self.min_length = min_length
            self._value = None
    
            if min_length > max_length:
                raise ValueError("最小长度必须小于最大长度")
    
        def __get__(self, instance, owner):
            return self._value
    
        def __set__(self, instance, value):
            if isinstance(value,numbers.Integral):
                self._value = value
            else:
                raise ValueError("输入值必须是int型")
    
    class CharField(Field):
        def __init__(self, db_colum, max_length, min_length):
            self.db_colum = db_colum
            self.max_length = max_length
            self.min_length = min_length
            self._value = None
    
            if min_length > max_length:
                raise ValueError("最小长度必须小于最大长度")
    
        def __get__(self, instance, owner):
            return self._value
    
        def __set__(self, instance, value):
            self._value = value
    
    class User(BaseClass):
    
        # 假如User机直接有元类创建,那就User创建实例时,就需要__init__,
        # 解决方法就是不直接创建,而是先继承一个父类,这个父类是由metaclass创建的,把__init__写在父类中
        # 子类的__init__ 会覆盖掉 父类的__init__ , 但是子类没有__init__的时候就会调用父类的  __init___
        age = IntField(db_colum="age",max_length=10,min_length=0)
        name  = CharField(db_colum="name",max_length=100,min_length=0)
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = "user"
    
    
    user = User(age=23,name="zhouhao")
    user2 = User(age=11,name="zhou")
    # 这样写的话,user实例的初始化会调用BaseClass的__init__
    print(user.age)
    print(user2.age)
    
    
    
    11
    11
    

    程序执行顺序
    1 由 type 创建MetaClass ,创建Filed;
    但是有类使用BaseClass(metaclass=MetaClass):语句,于是MetaClass就成为BaseClass的元类了

    2 扫描BaseClass 的语法,遇到init停止返回,语法扫描结束,调用 MetaClass 的 new 来创建BaseClass,
    3 在new 中条件符合,直接super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, *args, **kwargs) 其实就是用type创建BaseClass类

    4 扫描IntField的语法,遇到init停止返回,语法扫描结束,调用父类(就是Field--也是一个)中的new 来创建IntField类,

    5 同理创建CharField

    6 扫描User的语法,遇到age , name 然后对应实例化;

    7 继续扫描User语法,完成返回,调用父类的new ,但是父类没有,于是再往上找,找到父类的元类的new 来创建User类

    问题:就是user和user2的age相互影响了
    user <main.User object at 0x0000000004B90048>
    fields= {'age': <main.IntField object at 0x0000000004B30DA0>, 'name': <main.CharField object at 0x0000000004B29C50>}

    user2: <main.User object at 0x0000000004B29BE0>
    fields={'age': <main.IntField object at 0x0000000004B30DA0>, 'name': <main.CharField object at 0x0000000004B29C50>}

    在当前类(比如User)中查找定义的类的所有属性,如果找到一个Field属性,就把它保存到一个fields = {}中,同时从类属性中删除该Field属性,否则,容易造成运行时错误(实例的属性会遮盖类的同名属性);

    for k in fields.keys():
          attrs.pop(k)
    

    
    # 元类
    import numbers
    class Field:
        pass
    
    class MetaClass(type):
        def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, *args, **kwargs):
            if name == "BaseClass":
                return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, *args, **kwargs)
            fields = {}
            for key,value in attrs.items():
                if isinstance(value, Field):
                    fields[key] = value
                # else:
                #     try:
                #         raise ValueError("类对象不是继承Filed类")
                #     except:
                #         print("errror")
            for k in fields.keys():
                attrs.pop(k)
    
    
            _Meta = {}
            meta_table = getattr(attrs, "Meta", None)
            db_table = name.lower()
            if meta_table is not None:
                table = meta_table["db_table"]
                if table is not None:
                    db_table = table
            _Meta["db_table"] = db_table
    
            attrs["fields"] = fields
            attrs["_Meta"] = _Meta
            del attrs["Meta"]
    
            return super().__new__(cls,name, bases, attrs, *args, **kwargs)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    class BaseClass(metaclass=MetaClass):
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            for key,value in kwargs.items():
                setattr(self,key,value)
            return super(BaseClass, self).__init__()
    
    
    
    class IntField(Field):
        def __init__(self,db_colum,max_length,min_length):
            self.db_colum = db_colum
            self.max_length = max_length
            self.min_length = min_length
            self._value = None
    
            if min_length > max_length:
                raise ValueError("最小长度必须小于最大长度")
    
        def __get__(self, instance, owner):
            return self._value
    
        def __set__(self, instance, value):
            if isinstance(value,numbers.Integral):
                self._value = value
            else:
                raise ValueError("输入值必须是int型")
    
    class CharField(Field):
        def __init__(self, db_colum, max_length, min_length):
            self.db_colum = db_colum
            self.max_length = max_length
            self.min_length = min_length
            self._value = None
    
            if min_length > max_length:
                raise ValueError("最小长度必须小于最大长度")
    
        def __get__(self, instance, owner):
            return self._value
    
        def __set__(self, instance, value):
            self._value = value
    
    class User(BaseClass):
    
        # 假如User机直接有元类创建,那就User创建实例时,就需要__init__,
        # 解决方法就是不直接创建,而是先继承一个父类,这个父类是由metaclass创建的,把__init__写在父类中
        # 子类的__init__ 会覆盖掉 父类的__init__ , 但是子类没有__init__的时候就会调用父类的  __init___
        age = IntField(db_colum="age",max_length=10,min_length=0)
        name  = CharField(db_colum="name",max_length=100,min_length=0)
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = "user"
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        user = User(age=23,name="zhouhao")
        user2 = User(age=11,name="zhou")
        # 这样写的话,user实例的初始化会调用BaseClass的__init__
        print(user.age)
        print(user2.age)
    
    
    
    23
    11
    
    
    

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