一、MySQL数据库的安装和配置
进入官网,选择mysql的Community版本即可
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
下载完成后点击进行安装,根据提示点下一步,默认会生成数据库,记住自己设置的默认密码
官网下载的数据库包安装目录默认为
/usr/local/mysql/bin
如果不想每次都进入该目录执行命令,可配置到环境变量中
open .bash_profile
将mysql的bin目录配置到环境变量中
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
执行source使配置生效
source .bash_profile
二、mysql的基本命令操作
1、数据库的连接(首先自行检查数据库的服务是开启的)
mysql -h localhost -u root -p
看到下面的标示标示连接成功,可以进行正常的数据库操作
mysql>
mysql -h 主机名 -u 用户名 -p密码
◆-h:后面接的是主机名,表示你要连接到哪台主机的MySQL数据库。
◆-u:后面接的是用户名,MySQL默认的就是root。
◆-p:指定需要使用密码登陆MySQL数据库,如果密码为空,该参数可以省略。
例如:
mysql -h 192.168.188.90 -u root -p123456
连接IP:192.168.188.90 用户名:root 密码:123456的数据库
2、查看已有的数据库
mysql作为数据仓库,里面可以创建多个数据库,每个数据库里面可以创建多个数据库表,查看当前仓库的数据库,命令:
show databases;
效果如下
mysql> show databases;
+---------------------+
| Database |
+---------------------+
| information_schema |
| asset |
| asset_database |
| assets_database |
| boss_database |
注意该命令后边的;号一定要有
3、创建自己的数据库
create database 数据库名;
mysql> create database user_info;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
4、选择操作的数据库
use 数据库名
5、在指定数据库中创建数据库表
首先执行 use 数据库名 指定要执行的数据库
然后使用 create table 数据库表名; 命令创建表
使用 describe 数据库表名; 命令检查创建的数据库表
mysql> use user_info
Database changed
mysql> create table user_info
-> (
-> id char(10) not null primary key,
-> name char(20) not null,
-> sex char(6) not null,
-> age int not null,
-> address char(36) not null
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> describe user_info;
+---------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | char(36) | NO | | NULL | |
+---------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql>
三、数据库表的增删改查操作
1、向数据库表中添加数据
insert into 数据库表名 values(value值1,value值2,.......);
mysql> insert into user_info value("1000023","liz","male",21,"xian");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into user_info value("1000024","liy","male",25,"beijing");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
2、查询数据库表中的数据
select 列名称 from 数据库表名称 where 查询条件 and 查询条件;
mysql> select * from user_info;
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | address |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| 1000023 | liz | male | 21 | xian |
| 1000024 | liy | male | 25 | beijing |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name from user_info where name="liy";
+------+
| name |
+------+
| liy |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name,id from user_info where name="liz"
-> ^C
mysql> select name,id from user_info where name="liz";
+------+---------+
| name | id |
+------+---------+
| liz | 1000023 |
+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name,id from user_info where name="liz" and id="1000023";
+------+---------+
| name | id |
+------+---------+
| liz | 1000023 |
+------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name,id from user_info where name="liz" and id="1000024";
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
记得数据库表操作的命令一定要分号结束
3、修改数据库表中数据
update 数据库表名 set 列名=赋值 where 修改条件
mysql> select * from user_info;
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | address |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| 1000023 | lisi | male | 21 | xian |
| 1000024 | liy | male | 25 | beijing |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user_info set age=age+1;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from user_info;
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | address |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| 1000023 | lisi | male | 22 | xian |
| 1000024 | liy | male | 26 | beijing |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user_info set name="wangwu",age=12 where name="lisi";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from user_info;
+---------+--------+------+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | address |
+---------+--------+------+-----+---------+
| 1000023 | wangwu | male | 12 | xian |
| 1000024 | liy | male | 26 | beijing |
+---------+--------+------+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
4、删除数据库表中内容
delete from 数据库表名 where 删除条件;
mysql> delete from user_info where name="wangwu";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> select * from user_info;
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | address |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
| 1000024 | liy | male | 26 | beijing |
+---------+------+------+-----+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5、修改数据库表
上面是关于数据库表中的数据的增删改查的操作,接下来是关于修改数据库表的操作,针对数据库表的操作,主要是删除数据库表、数据库表重命名、对数据库表的列进行修改、删除操作
(1)修改数据库表中的列:
alter table 数据库表名 change 列名称 新数据;
修改前,先查看之前的数据库表的详细信息
mysql> describe user_info;
+---------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | char(36) | NO | | NULL | |
+---------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> alter table user_info change address addr char(40) not null;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table user_info change name userName char(20) not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> describe user_info;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| userName | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| addr | char(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(2)删除数据库表中列
alter table 数据库表名 drop 列名称;
mysql> alter table user_info drop addr;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> describe user_info;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| userName | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(3) 增加数据库表中的列
alter table 数据库表名 add 添加的列信息;
mysql> alter table user_info add address char(40) not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> describe user_info;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| userName | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | char(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(4) 重命名数据库表
alter table 数据库表 rename 新表名;
mysql> alter table user_info rename user;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_user_info |
+---------------------+
| user |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(5) 删除数据库表
当该数据库表的信息已经是不需要的信息时,可以执行删表操作:
drop table 数据库表名;
mysql> drop table user;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
6、删除数据库
drop database 数据库名;
mysql> drop database user_info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
以上就是关于mysql安装,数据库连接、数据库的基本操作,数据库表的操作的简单事例。
网友评论