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isa的初始化和指向分析

isa的初始化和指向分析

作者: 枫叶知秋 | 来源:发表于2019-12-23 00:00 被阅读0次

    isa的初始化

    isa的初始化流程代码

    inline void 
    objc_object::initInstanceIsa(Class cls, bool hasCxxDtor)
    {
        assert(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
        assert(hasCxxDtor == cls->hasCxxDtor());
    
        initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
    }
    
    // -> initIsa
    inline void 
    objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, bool hasCxxDtor) 
    { 
        assert(!isTaggedPointer()); 
        
        if (!nonpointer) {
            //  如果单纯是个指针,就将类传过来的类赋值给isa的cls
            isa.cls = cls;
        } else {
            assert(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
            assert(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
    
            isa_t newisa(0);
    #if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
            assert(cls->classArrayIndex() > 0);
            newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;
            newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
            newisa.indexcls = (uintptr_t)cls->classArrayIndex();
    #else
            newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
            newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;// 标记是否存在c++ 析构函数
            newisa.shiftcls = (uintptr_t)cls >> 3;
    #endif
            isa = newisa;
        }
    }
    

    问题解释:为什么赋值了cls之后就不赋值bits了?

     if (!nonpointer) {
      `isa.cls = cls;`
    }else{
    ...
      `newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;`
    ...
    }
    

    原因是:isa是一个命名为isa_t的联合体,联合体中Class cls;uintptr_t bits;互斥的。

    union isa_t {
        isa_t() { }
        isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }
    
        Class cls;
        uintptr_t bits;
    #if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
        struct {
            ISA_BITFIELD;  // defined in isa.h
        };
    #endif
    };
    

    从上图代码中可以看出,isa初始化,是进行一系列参数赋值,如图所示:

    timg.jpeg
    通过代码 isa_t newisa(0);isa = newisa;可以知道,isa是一个isa_t类型的结构体
    union isa_t {
        isa_t() { }
        isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }
    
        Class cls;
        uintptr_t bits;
    #if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
        struct {
            ISA_BITFIELD;  // defined in isa.h
        };
    #endif
    };
    

    其中在位域 struct { ISA_BITFIELD; // defined in isa.h };中可以查到 isa_t的结构代码(分为arm64和x86两种)如下:

    # if __arm64__
    #   define ISA_MASK        0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
    #   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x000003f000000001ULL
    #   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
    #   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                      \
          uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                       \
          uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                       \
          uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                       \
          uintptr_t shiftcls          : 33; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000*/ \
          uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                       \
          uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                       \
          uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                       \
          uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                       \
          uintptr_t extra_rc          : 19
    #   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<45)
    #   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<18)
    
    # elif __x86_64__
    #   define ISA_MASK        0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
    #   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x001f800000000001ULL
    #   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
    #   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                        \
          uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                         \
          uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                         \
          uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                         \
          uintptr_t shiftcls          : 44; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000*/ \
          uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                         \
          uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                         \
          uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                         \
          uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                         \
          uintptr_t extra_rc          : 8
    #   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<56)
    #   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<7)
    

    isa_t结构代码的解释

    • nonpointer 表示是否对isa指针开启优化(我们现在的都是开启了优化),值0:纯isa指针 值1:不止是类对象地址,isa中还包含了类信息,对象的引用计数等;
    • has_assoc 是否有关联对象, 值0 没有 值1 有;
    • has_cxx_dtor 该对象是否有c++或者objc析构函数,如果有析构函数,先走析构逻辑,没有就更快的释放对象;
    • shiftcls存储类指针的值,开启指针优化的时候 在arm64架构中有33位存储类指正
    • magic用于调试器判断当前对象是真的对象还是没有初始化的空间
    • weakly_referenced 标志对象是否指向或者曾经指向一个ARC的弱变量,没有弱引用的对象可以更快的释放
    • deallocating 标志对象是否正在释放
    • has_sidetable_rc 当对象引用计数大于10时,则需要借用该变量存储进位
    • extra_rc表示对象的引用计数的值,实际上是引用计数减1.
      例如 如果对象的引用计数位10 则extra_rc为9 ,若引用计数大于10 ,则需要用到上面的has_sidetable_rc。

    对象的第一个属性必然是isa

    验证方法:

      1. NSObject 中定义第一属性就是isaClass isa
    @interface NSObject <NSObject> {
    #pragma clang diagnostic push
    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wobjc-interface-ivars"
        Class isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;
    #pragma clang diagnostic pop
    }
    
    • 2.isa必然关联一个class isa <-> class
      根据newisa.shiftcls = (uintptr_t)cls >> 3;进行二进制位移后,后面相同,如图 截屏2019-12-22下午11.22.15.png

    isa 指向分析

    • 通过lldb进行调试可以发现
      初始化类
      LGPerson *person = [LGPerson alloc];

    根据(Class)(isa.bits & ISA_MASK);lldb调试如下

    (lldb) x/4gx person
    0x100f3b150: 0x001d8001000023b5 0x0000000000000000
    0x100f3b160: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
    (lldb) p/x LGPerson.class
    (Class) $1 = 0x00000001000023b0 LGPerson
    (lldb) p/x 0x00000001000023b0 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
    (long) $2 = 0x00000001000023b0
    (lldb) po 0x00000001000023b0
    LGPerson
    

    通过调试可以得出:isa 从类的实例对象person指向了类LGPerson。

    继续调试,打印LGPerson首地址也是LGPerson

    (lldb) x/4gx LGPerson.class
    0x1000023b0: 0x001d800100002389 0x0000000100b37140
    0x1000023c0: 0x00000001003da290 0x0000000000000000
    (lldb) po 0x1000023b0
    LGPerson
    

    根据(Class)(isa.bits & ISA_MASK);找到最终类为NSObject

    (lldb) x/4gx LGPerson.class
    0x1000023b0: 0x001d800100002389 0x0000000100b37140
    0x1000023c0: 0x00000001003da290 0x0000000000000000
    (lldb) p/x 0x001d800100002389 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
    (long) $8 = 0x0000000100002388
    (lldb) po 0x0000000100002388
    LGPerson
    
    (lldb) x/4gx 0x0000000100002388
    0x100002388: 0x001d800100b370f1 0x0000000100b370f0
    0x100002398: 0x000000010104ee30 0x0000000400000007
    (lldb) p/x 0x001d800100b370f1 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
    (long) $10 = 0x0000000100b370f0
    (lldb) po 0x0000000100b370f0
    NSObject
    
    (lldb) x/4gx 0x0000000100b370f0
    0x100b370f0: 0x001d800100b370f1 0x0000000100b37140
    0x100b37100: 0x000000010123d3e0 0x0000000400000007
    (lldb) p/x 0x001d800100b370f1 & 0x0000000ffffffff8
    (long) $12 = 0x0000000100b370f0
    (lldb) po 0x0000000100b370f0
    NSObject
    

    通过上图调试可以完美验证isa的走位如图所示
    isa 指向图


    1129392-2fcd94dced3798a2.png
    • 虚线代表了isa的走位。实例对象->类->元类->根元类->根根元类(根元类本身)。
    • 实线代表着继承。

    总结

    • 实例对象的isa指向的是类;
    • 类的isa指向的元类;
    • 元类isa指向根元类;
    • 根元类isa指向自己;
    • NSObject的父类是nil,根元类的父类是NSObject。

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