使用场景:
有个项目需求,要区分打开H5是在本地APP还是在手机浏览器,前端伙伴说需要配合修改默认的UserAgent,以便区分。
一、如何获取UserAgent
UIWebView方式:
UIWebView *webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
NSString *userAgent = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"navigator.userAgent"];
DLog(@"userAgent :%@", userAgent);
WKWebView方式:
// 注意这个方法是异步的
WKWebView *wkWebView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
[wkWebView evaluateJavaScript:@"navigator.userAgent" completionHandler:^(id result, NSError *error) {
DLog(@"userAgent :%@", result);
}];
默认UserAgent输出:
Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_4 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/600.1.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/12H143
微信 iOS版的 :UserAgent
mozilla/5.0 (iphone; cpu iphone os 5_1_1 like mac os x) applewebkit/534.46 (khtml, like gecko) mobile/9b206 micromessenger/5.0
其中micromessenger就是自定义的
二、如何修改UserAgent
方案一,修改全局UserAgent值(这里是在原有基础上拼接自定义的字符串)
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
UIWebView *webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
NSString *userAgent = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"navigator.userAgent"];
NSString *newUserAgent = [userAgent stringByAppendingString:@" native_iOS"];//自定义需要拼接的字符串
NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:newUserAgent, @"UserAgent", nil];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionary];
}
方案二,自定义UserAgent值
WKWebView *wkWebView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
[self.view addSubview: wkWebView];
NSString *customUserAgent = @"native_iOS";
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:@{@"UserAgent":customUserAgent}];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:self.strUrl];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy
timeoutInterval:10.f];
[self.wkWebView loadRequest:request];
方案三
self.wkWebView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
[self.wkWebView evaluateJavaScript:@"navigator.userAgent" completionHandler:^(id result, NSError *error) {
__strong typeof(weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;
NSString *userAgent = result;
NSString *newUserAgent = [userAgent stringByAppendingString:@" native_iOS"];
NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:newUserAgent, @"UserAgent", nil];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionary];
// needs retain because `evaluateJavaScript:` is asynchronous
strongSelf.wkWebView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:strongSelf.view.bounds];
}];
[self.wkWebView loadRequest:request];
实例:
if(originUserAgent==nil) {
[self.webView evaluateJavaScript:@"navigator.userAgent" completionHandler:^(id result, NSError *error) {
originUserAgent = result;
NSString *currentVersion = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary] objectForKey:@"CFBundleShortVersionString"];
NSString *ua=[originUserAgent stringByAppendingFormat:@" xxxxx/%@",currentVersion];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:@{@"UserAgent":ua}];
//必须有此句代码,否则第一次加载不会修改UserAgent
[self.webView setCustomUserAgent:ua];
}];
}
三、问题& 思考
1.有时整个项目的UIWebView比较多,所以新建一个UIWebView的基类,然后在基类的初始化方法- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame里添加以下代码:
NSString * oldAgent = [self stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"navigator.userAgent"];
NSString * newAgent = oldAgent;
if (![oldAgent hasSuffix:@"panda"])
{
newAgent = [oldAgent stringByAppendingString:@"/panda"];
}
NSLog(@"new agent :%@", newAgent);
NSDictionary * dictionnary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:newAgent, @"UserAgent", nil];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionnary];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
调试的发现,当手机或者模拟器连接Mac调试的时候,H5页面都能获得修改后的UIWebView的UserAgent,但是一旦断开调试模式,真机运行和模拟器运行的时候H5获得的UserAgent是UIWebView默认的UserAgent,而不是修改后的UserAgent。
原因是:webView会替换成默认的UserAgent。
若遇见这种情况可以换一种解决方式,直接在AppDelegate里面- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary)launchOptions修改默认的UserAgent,这种方式一劳永逸。
UIWebView * tempWebView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
NSString * oldAgent = [tempWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"navigator.userAgent"];
NSString * newAgent = oldAgent;
if (![oldAgent hasSuffix:@"panda"])
{
newAgent = [oldAgent stringByAppendingString:@"/panda"];
}
NSLog(@"new agent :%@", newAgent);
NSDictionary * dictionnary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:newAgent, @"UserAgent", nil];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionnary];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
解决了以上问题,但是至于为什么在每个UIWebView初始化的时候修改UserAgent,H5获取不到修改后的UserAgent,真的不太清楚,还请了解的大神指点一下。
2.关于WKWebView 修改UserAgent
// 要区分打开H5是在本地APP还是在手机浏览器,前端伙伴说需要配合修改默认的 UserAgent,以便区分。
// 修改全局UserAgent值(这里是在原有基础上拼接自定义的字符串)
[_mainWebView evaluateJavaScript:@"navigator.userAgent" completionHandler:^(id result, NSError *error) {
NSString *userAgent = result;
NSString *newUserAgent = [userAgent stringByAppendingString:@" ios/jkbs/1.2.3"];
NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:newUserAgent, @"UserAgent", nil];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionary];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
// 在网上找到的没有下面这句话,结果只是更改了本地的UserAgent,没修改网页的,导致一直有问题,好低级的错误,这个函数是9.0之后才出现的,在这之前,把这段代码放在WKWebView的alloc之前才会有效
[_mainWebView setCustomUserAgent:newUserAgent];
// 判断网址类型
if ([self.url YgContainsString:@"indexlocal"]) {
// 本地html
[_mainWebView YgLoadLocationUrl:self.url];
}else{
[_mainWebView YgLoadNoneParaUrl:self.url];
}
}];
3.在测试的时候,发现方案二、三第一次运行的时候,在iOS9以下还是显示默认的值,第二次才会显示自定义的值,WKWebView原因如上结果只是更改了本地的UserAgent,没修改网页的,导致一直有问题;UIWebView的如有朋友解决麻烦告诉一下,谢谢。
参考链接:iOS 修改默认 UserAgent
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