javascript的promise

'use strict';
// ajax函数将返回Promise对象:
function ajax(method, url, data) {
    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
        request.onreadystatechange = function () {
            if (request.readyState === 4) {
                if (request.status === 200) {
                    resolve(request.responseText);
                } else {
                    reject(request.status);
                }
            }
        };
        request.open(method, url);
        request.send(data);
    });
}

var log = document.getElementById('test-promise-ajax-result');
var p = ajax('GET', '/api/categories');
p.then(function (text) { // 如果AJAX成功，获得响应内容
    log.innerText = text;
}).catch(function (status) { // 如果AJAX失败，获得响应代码
    log.innerText = 'ERROR: ' + status;
});

实现原理

//例1
function getUserId() {
    return new Promise(function(resolve) {
        //异步请求
        http.get(url, function(results) {
            resolve(results.id)
        })
    })
}

getUserId().then(function(id) {
    //一些处理
})

function Promise(fn) {
    var value = null,
        callbacks = [];  //callbacks为数组，因为可能同时有很多个回调

    this.then = function (onFulfilled) {
        callbacks.push(onFulfilled);
    };

    function resolve(value) {
        callbacks.forEach(function (callback) {
            callback(value);
        });
    }

    fn(resolve);
}

Promise.all()

var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 500, 'P1');
});
var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 600, 'P2');
});
// 同时执行p1和p2，并在它们都完成后执行then:
Promise.all([p1, p2]).then(function (results) {
    console.log(results); // 获得一个Array: ['P1', 'P2']
});

Promise.race()

var p1 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 500, 'P1');
});
var p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 600, 'P2');
});
Promise.race([p1, p2]).then(function (result) {
    console.log(result); // 'P1'
});
//由于p1执行较快，Promise的then()将获得结果'P1'。p2仍在继续执行，但执行结果将被丢弃