咖啡是常见的饮品，很多人都喜欢喝。在煮咖啡的时候，会产生很多咖啡渣。这些咖啡渣如果能善加利用，不仅能保护环境，还能创造出经济价值。
Turning waste into useful products
by Maiko Schaffrath
Although the United Kingdom is better known for its passion for tea, coffee is a popular option for many. However, coffee has a dirty secret that is often forgotten: the UK alone produces half a million tons of waste coffee grounds per year, which often end up in a landfill.
passion /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n. 酷爱
ton /tʌn/ n. 吨
grounds /ɡraʊndz/ n. 残渣
end up 到头来、以…而告终
landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n. 垃圾填埋场（由land和fill组成）
Following the circular economy trend, a few startups have proven that coffee grounds can become a valuable resource. One of the pioneers of using waste coffee grounds as a sustainable raw material in the UK is Arthur Kay, founder and chairman of Biobean, who had the idea to create sustainable biofuels from coffee grounds in 2013.
circular /ˈsɜːkjulə(r)/ adj. 圆形的、循环的
economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济
startup /ˈstɑːtʌp/ n. 初创公司（由start和up组成）
resource /ˈriːsɔːs/ n. 资源
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 开拓者、先驱
sustainable /səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l/ adj. 可持续发展的（由sustain加后缀-able变成形容词）
raw material 原材料
founder /ˈfaʊndə(r)/ n. 创办人（由found加上表示人的后缀-er）
chairman /ˈtʃeəmən/ n. 主席（这里指董事会主席，也就是董事长）
biofuel /ˈbaɪəʊˌfjuːəl/ n. 生物燃料（由fuel加上表示生物的前缀bio-）
After finishing a degree in architecture at University College London, Kay pursued an unconventional career path for an architect and founded Biobean. The company developed a process to turn waste coffee grounds into biodiesel which can be used in ordinary diesel cars and buses.
degree /dɪˈɡriː/ n. 学位
architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ n. 建筑学
pursue /pəˈsjuː/ v. 追求
unconventional /ˌʌnkənˈvenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 不循常规的（由conventional加上表示否定的前缀un-）
career /kəˈrɪə(r)/ n. 事业、职业生涯
architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师
found /faʊnd/ v. 创办
process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程、加工工序
turn /tɜːn/ v. 变成、使变成
biodiesel /ˈbaɪəʊˌdiːz(ə)l/ n. 生物柴油（由diesel加上表示生物的前缀bio-）
diesel /ˈdiːz(ə)l/ n. 柴油
Although biobean's fuels are still being burned and produce carbon emissions, Kay argues that they are a much more sustainable alternative and don't produce any additional carbon emissions.
carbon /ˈkɑːb(ə)n/ n. 碳
emission /ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 排放
argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ v. 主张、论证
alternative /ɒlˈtɜːnətɪv/ n. 可供选择的替代品
additional /əˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 额外的（由addition加后缀-al变成形容词）
"Our fuels are classed as carbon neutral. Currently, the coffee grounds we use would otherwise go to landfill and produce CO2 and methane（甲烷） emissions in the process. Our customers would also use less sustainable alternatives if they did not have access to Biobean."
class /klɑːs/ v. 分类
neutral /ˈnjuːtrəl/ adj. 中性的（carbon neutral指二氧化碳的净排放量为零）
currently /ˈkʌr(ə)ntli/ adv. 目前、现在（由current加后缀-ly变成副词）
otherwise /ˈʌðəwaɪz/ adv. 否则、不然
The company has measured the impact its recycling operation has on the environment. Kay says: "We can generate 6.8 tonnes of CO2 savings per ton of waste coffee grounds recycled. That's the equivalent from driving a London black taxi from central London to Beijing and back."
measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测量
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 显著影响
recycle /riːˈsaɪk(ə)l/ v. 循环利用
operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 运作、商业活动
generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生
tonne /tʌn/ n. 吨
saving /ˈseɪvɪŋ/ n. 省下来的东西
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt/ n. 等价物、等效物
Another two pioneers, siblings Anna and William Brightman, started developing a process to recycle coffee grounds into high-quality oils that they use to produce sustainable skin care products.
sibling /ˈsɪblɪŋ/ n. 兄弟姐妹
quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 质量
skin care 皮肤护理
"The initial idea came after we bought a cafetière（咖啡壶） and we realised that we were producing a lot of waste by enjoying our daily morning coffee. This got us to think about not only our own waste but the even bigger impact of coffee consumption in office buildings and in coffee shops," says Anna about how the idea for Up Circle was born.
initial /ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 一开始的
consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n/ n. 食用、饮用
Soon after this discovery, the siblings went out and talked to coffee shops, only to find out that those shops had to pay the local council to collect coffee grounds and bring them to landfill. When they offered the shops to take the coffee grounds off their hands, many shops were immediately ready to provide them with the precious material.
discovery /dɪˈskʌv(ə)ri/ n. 发现
council /ˈkaʊns(ə)l/ n. 市政委员会
precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 珍贵的
"We try to challenge people's perception of what they are considering as waste. We actually hope to demonstrate that some of these ingredients are not just as good, but could actually perform even better for their skin," says Anna.
perception /pəˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n. 看法、见解
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ v. 看做、看待
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. 展示
ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n. 配料、成分
perform /pəˈfɔːm/ v. 表现
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