什么是 MyBatis？

MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架，它支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 避免了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集。MyBatis 可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生类型、接口和 Java 的 POJO（Plain Old Java Objects，普通老式 Java 对象）为数据库中的记录。

快速开始

示例源代码: https://github.com/Jason-Chen-2017/source-code-reading

创建 Maven 工程

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.light.sword</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>mybatis-demo</name>
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.7.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.0</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

安装依赖

添加 mybatis , mysql-connector-java 库:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.16</version>
        </dependency>

数据库信息:

final static String URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test";
final static String USERNAME = "root";
final static String PASSWORD = "root";

先使用原生 JDBC API 写一个查询数据库的Demo

package com.light.sword;

import java.sql.*;

public class JdbcDemo {
    final static String URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test";
    final static String USERNAME = "root";
    final static String PASSWORD = "root";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            // 加载数据库驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            // 通过驱动管理类获取数据库链接
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM product";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                System.out.println(resultSet.getString("id") + " " + resultSet.getString("name"));
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

1 Product1
2 Product2

使用 MyBatis XML 配置

package com.light.sword;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

public class MyBatisDemoXML {
    static String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        try {
            inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
            SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            List<Product> productList = sqlSession.selectList("productMapper.listAll");
            System.out.println(productList);
            sqlSession.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

其中, mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC
        "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias alias="Product" type="com.light.sword.Product"></typeAlias>
    </typeAliases>
    <environments default="dev">
        <environment id="dev">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="root"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="mapper/ProductMapper.xml"></mapper>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

这个配置文件可以说是整个MyBatis所有核心逻辑的入参, 对应的Java 对象模型是:

package org.apache.ibatis.session;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;

import org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperRegistry;
import org.apache.ibatis.builder.CacheRefResolver;
import org.apache.ibatis.builder.IncompleteElementException;
import org.apache.ibatis.builder.ResultMapResolver;
import org.apache.ibatis.builder.annotation.MethodResolver;
import org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLStatementBuilder;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.Cache;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.FifoCache;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LruCache;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.SoftCache;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.WeakCache;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl.PerpetualCache;
import org.apache.ibatis.datasource.jndi.JndiDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.datasource.unpooled.UnpooledDataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.BatchExecutor;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.Executor;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.ReuseExecutor;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.keygen.KeyGenerator;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.loader.ProxyFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.loader.cglib.CglibProxyFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.loader.javassist.JavassistProxyFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.parameter.ParameterHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.resultset.DefaultResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.resultset.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.RoutingStatementHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.StatementHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.VFS;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.commons.JakartaCommonsLoggingImpl;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdk14.Jdk14LoggingImpl;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j2.Log4j2Impl;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.nologging.NoLoggingImpl;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.slf4j.Slf4jImpl;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.BoundSql;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.Environment;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.MappedStatement;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.ParameterMap;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.ResultMap;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.ResultSetType;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.VendorDatabaseIdProvider;
import org.apache.ibatis.parsing.XNode;
import org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Interceptor;
import org.apache.ibatis.plugin.InterceptorChain;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.DefaultReflectorFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.MetaObject;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.ReflectorFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.factory.DefaultObjectFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.factory.ObjectFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.wrapper.DefaultObjectWrapperFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.wrapper.ObjectWrapperFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.scripting.LanguageDriver;
import org.apache.ibatis.scripting.LanguageDriverRegistry;
import org.apache.ibatis.scripting.defaults.RawLanguageDriver;
import org.apache.ibatis.scripting.xmltags.XMLLanguageDriver;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.Transaction;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransactionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.managed.ManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeAliasRegistry;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeHandlerRegistry;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class Configuration {

  protected Environment environment;

  protected boolean safeRowBoundsEnabled;
  protected boolean safeResultHandlerEnabled = true;
  protected boolean mapUnderscoreToCamelCase;
  protected boolean aggressiveLazyLoading;
  protected boolean multipleResultSetsEnabled = true;
  protected boolean useGeneratedKeys;
  protected boolean useColumnLabel = true;
  protected boolean cacheEnabled = true;
  protected boolean callSettersOnNulls;
  protected boolean useActualParamName = true;
  protected boolean returnInstanceForEmptyRow;

  protected String logPrefix;
  protected Class<? extends Log> logImpl;
  protected Class<? extends VFS> vfsImpl;
  protected LocalCacheScope localCacheScope = LocalCacheScope.SESSION;
  protected JdbcType jdbcTypeForNull = JdbcType.OTHER;
  protected Set<String> lazyLoadTriggerMethods = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("equals", "clone", "hashCode", "toString"));
  protected Integer defaultStatementTimeout;
  protected Integer defaultFetchSize;
  protected ResultSetType defaultResultSetType;
  protected ExecutorType defaultExecutorType = ExecutorType.SIMPLE;
  protected AutoMappingBehavior autoMappingBehavior = AutoMappingBehavior.PARTIAL;
  protected AutoMappingUnknownColumnBehavior autoMappingUnknownColumnBehavior = AutoMappingUnknownColumnBehavior.NONE;

  protected Properties variables = new Properties();
  protected ReflectorFactory reflectorFactory = new DefaultReflectorFactory();
  protected ObjectFactory objectFactory = new DefaultObjectFactory();
  protected ObjectWrapperFactory objectWrapperFactory = new DefaultObjectWrapperFactory();

  protected boolean lazyLoadingEnabled = false;
  protected ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new JavassistProxyFactory(); // #224 Using internal Javassist instead of OGNL

  protected String databaseId;
  /**
   * Configuration factory class.
   * Used to create Configuration for loading deserialized unread properties.
   *
   * @see <a href='https://code.google.com/p/mybatis/issues/detail?id=300'>Issue 300 (google code)</a>
   */
  protected Class<?> configurationFactory;

  protected final MapperRegistry mapperRegistry = new MapperRegistry(this);
  protected final InterceptorChain interceptorChain = new InterceptorChain();
  protected final TypeHandlerRegistry typeHandlerRegistry = new TypeHandlerRegistry();
  protected final TypeAliasRegistry typeAliasRegistry = new TypeAliasRegistry();
  protected final LanguageDriverRegistry languageRegistry = new LanguageDriverRegistry();

  protected final Map<String, MappedStatement> mappedStatements = new StrictMap<MappedStatement>("Mapped Statements collection")
      .conflictMessageProducer((savedValue, targetValue) ->
          ". please check " + savedValue.getResource() + " and " + targetValue.getResource());
  protected final Map<String, Cache> caches = new StrictMap<>("Caches collection");
  protected final Map<String, ResultMap> resultMaps = new StrictMap<>("Result Maps collection");
  protected final Map<String, ParameterMap> parameterMaps = new StrictMap<>("Parameter Maps collection");
  protected final Map<String, KeyGenerator> keyGenerators = new StrictMap<>("Key Generators collection");

  protected final Set<String> loadedResources = new HashSet<>();
  protected final Map<String, XNode> sqlFragments = new StrictMap<>("XML fragments parsed from previous mappers");

  protected final Collection<XMLStatementBuilder> incompleteStatements = new LinkedList<>();
  protected final Collection<CacheRefResolver> incompleteCacheRefs = new LinkedList<>();
  protected final Collection<ResultMapResolver> incompleteResultMaps = new LinkedList<>();
  protected final Collection<MethodResolver> incompleteMethods = new LinkedList<>();

  /*
   * A map holds cache-ref relationship. The key is the namespace that
   * references a cache bound to another namespace and the value is the
   * namespace which the actual cache is bound to.
   */
  protected final Map<String, String> cacheRefMap = new HashMap<>();
  ...
}

可以说, 所有的MyBatis 源码都是围绕这个对象的属性来展开的.

比如说, 初始化SQL Executor 的地方:

  public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
    executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
    executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
    Executor executor;
    if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
      executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
      executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else {
      executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
    }
    if (cacheEnabled) {
      executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
    }
    executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
    return executor;
  }

其中, com.light.sword.Product 对应数据库中的表模型

package com.light.sword;

public class Product {
    private Long id;
    private String name;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

ProductMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace命名空间，做SQL隔离 -->
<mapper namespace="productMapper">
    <select id="listAll" resultType="Product">
        select *
        from product
    </select>
</mapper>

源码执行分析

SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

  public SqlSessionFactory build(InputStream inputStream, String environment, Properties properties) {
    try {
      XMLConfigBuilder parser = new XMLConfigBuilder(inputStream, environment, properties);
      return build(parser.parse());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error building SqlSession.", e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
      try {
        inputStream.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // Intentionally ignore. Prefer previous error.
      }
    }
  }

XMLMapperEntityResolver : Offline entity resolver for the MyBatis DTDs.

package org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.xml.sax.EntityResolver;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

/**
 * Offline entity resolver for the MyBatis DTDs.
 *
 * @author Clinton Begin
 * @author Eduardo Macarron
 */
public class XMLMapperEntityResolver implements EntityResolver {

  private static final String IBATIS_CONFIG_SYSTEM = "ibatis-3-config.dtd";
  private static final String IBATIS_MAPPER_SYSTEM = "ibatis-3-mapper.dtd";
  private static final String MYBATIS_CONFIG_SYSTEM = "mybatis-3-config.dtd";
  private static final String MYBATIS_MAPPER_SYSTEM = "mybatis-3-mapper.dtd";

  private static final String MYBATIS_CONFIG_DTD = "org/apache/ibatis/builder/xml/mybatis-3-config.dtd";
  private static final String MYBATIS_MAPPER_DTD = "org/apache/ibatis/builder/xml/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd";

  /**
   * Converts a public DTD into a local one.
   *
   * @param publicId The public id that is what comes after "PUBLIC"
   * @param systemId The system id that is what comes after the public id.
   * @return The InputSource for the DTD
   *
   * @throws org.xml.sax.SAXException If anything goes wrong
   */
  @Override
  public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId) throws SAXException {
    try {
      if (systemId != null) {
        String lowerCaseSystemId = systemId.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
        if (lowerCaseSystemId.contains(MYBATIS_CONFIG_SYSTEM) || lowerCaseSystemId.contains(IBATIS_CONFIG_SYSTEM)) {
          return getInputSource(MYBATIS_CONFIG_DTD, publicId, systemId);
        } else if (lowerCaseSystemId.contains(MYBATIS_MAPPER_SYSTEM) || lowerCaseSystemId.contains(IBATIS_MAPPER_SYSTEM)) {
          return getInputSource(MYBATIS_MAPPER_DTD, publicId, systemId);
        }
      }
      return null;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SAXException(e.toString());
    }
  }

  private InputSource getInputSource(String path, String publicId, String systemId) {
    InputSource source = null;
    if (path != null) {
      try {
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(path);
        source = new InputSource(in);
        source.setPublicId(publicId);
        source.setSystemId(systemId);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // ignore, null is ok
      }
    }
    return source;
  }

}

解析 XML 类 XPathParser:

public class XPathParser {

  private final Document document;
  private boolean validation;
  private EntityResolver entityResolver;
  private Properties variables;
  private XPath xpath;
  ......

}

XML 解析遵从 org.w3c.dom 里面的接口规范.

然后进入 XMLConfigBuilder 解析 mybatis-config.xml :

package org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder;
import org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException;
import org.apache.ibatis.datasource.DataSourceFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.ErrorContext;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.loader.ProxyFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.VFS;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.DatabaseIdProvider;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.Environment;
import org.apache.ibatis.parsing.XNode;
import org.apache.ibatis.parsing.XPathParser;
import org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Interceptor;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.DefaultReflectorFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.MetaClass;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.ReflectorFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.factory.ObjectFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.wrapper.ObjectWrapperFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.AutoMappingBehavior;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.AutoMappingUnknownColumnBehavior;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.ExecutorType;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.LocalCacheScope;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.TransactionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 * @author Kazuki Shimizu
 */
public class XMLConfigBuilder extends BaseBuilder {

  private boolean parsed;
  private final XPathParser parser;
  private String environment;
  private final ReflectorFactory localReflectorFactory = new DefaultReflectorFactory();

  public XMLConfigBuilder(Reader reader) {
    this(reader, null, null);
  }

  public XMLConfigBuilder(Reader reader, String environment) {
    this(reader, environment, null);
  }

  public XMLConfigBuilder(Reader reader, String environment, Properties props) {
    this(new XPathParser(reader, true, props, new XMLMapperEntityResolver()), environment, props);
  }

  public XMLConfigBuilder(InputStream inputStream) {
    this(inputStream, null, null);
  }

  public XMLConfigBuilder(InputStream inputStream, String environment) {
    this(inputStream, environment, null);
  }

  public XMLConfigBuilder(InputStream inputStream, String environment, Properties props) {
    this(new XPathParser(inputStream, true, props, new XMLMapperEntityResolver()), environment, props);
  }

  private XMLConfigBuilder(XPathParser parser, String environment, Properties props) {
    super(new Configuration());
    ErrorContext.instance().resource("SQL Mapper Configuration");
    this.configuration.setVariables(props);
    this.parsed = false;
    this.environment = environment;
    this.parser = parser;
  }

  public Configuration parse() {
    if (parsed) {
      throw new BuilderException("Each XMLConfigBuilder can only be used once.");
    }
    parsed = true;
    parseConfiguration(parser.evalNode("/configuration"));
    return configuration;
  }

  private void parseConfiguration(XNode root) {
    try {
      //issue #117 read properties first
      propertiesElement(root.evalNode("properties"));
      Properties settings = settingsAsProperties(root.evalNode("settings"));
      loadCustomVfs(settings);
      loadCustomLogImpl(settings);
      typeAliasesElement(root.evalNode("typeAliases"));
      pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
      objectFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectFactory"));
      objectWrapperFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectWrapperFactory"));
      reflectorFactoryElement(root.evalNode("reflectorFactory"));
      settingsElement(settings);
      // read it after objectFactory and objectWrapperFactory issue #631
      environmentsElement(root.evalNode("environments"));
      databaseIdProviderElement(root.evalNode("databaseIdProvider"));
      typeHandlerElement(root.evalNode("typeHandlers"));
      mapperElement(root.evalNode("mappers"));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new BuilderException("Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }
  ...
}

解析 typeAliases 节点:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC
        "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias alias="Product" type="com.light.sword.Product"></typeAlias>
    </typeAliases>
    ....

</configuration>

  private void typeAliasesElement(XNode parent) {
    if (parent != null) {
      for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) {
        if ("package".equals(child.getName())) {
          String typeAliasPackage = child.getStringAttribute("name");
          configuration.getTypeAliasRegistry().registerAliases(typeAliasPackage);
        } else {
          // <typeAlias alias="Product" type="com.light.sword.Product"></typeAlias>
          String alias = child.getStringAttribute("alias");  // Product
          String type = child.getStringAttribute("type");  // com.light.sword.Product
          try {
            Class<?> clazz = Resources.classForName(type); // 类加载
            if (alias == null) {
              typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias(clazz);
            } else {
              typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias(alias, clazz);
            }
          } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new BuilderException("Error registering typeAlias for '" + alias + "'. Cause: " + e, e);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

其中, typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias(alias, clazz) 方法实现逻辑如下:

  public void registerAlias(String alias, Class<?> value) {
    if (alias == null) {
      throw new TypeException("The parameter alias cannot be null");
    }
    // issue #748
    String key = alias.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
    if (typeAliases.containsKey(key) && typeAliases.get(key) != null && !typeAliases.get(key).equals(value)) {
      throw new TypeException("The alias '" + alias + "' is already mapped to the value '" + typeAliases.get(key).getName() + "'.");
    }
    typeAliases.put(key, value);
  }

typeAliases 变量是一个 Map 结构:

public class TypeAliasRegistry {

  private final Map<String, Class<?>> typeAliases = new HashMap<>();
  ...
}

源代码:

package org.apache.ibatis.type;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.ResolverUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class TypeAliasRegistry {

  private final Map<String, Class<?>> typeAliases = new HashMap<>();

  public TypeAliasRegistry() {
    registerAlias("string", String.class);

    registerAlias("byte", Byte.class);
    registerAlias("long", Long.class);
    registerAlias("short", Short.class);
    registerAlias("int", Integer.class);
    registerAlias("integer", Integer.class);
    registerAlias("double", Double.class);
    registerAlias("float", Float.class);
    registerAlias("boolean", Boolean.class);

    registerAlias("byte[]", Byte[].class);
    registerAlias("long[]", Long[].class);
    registerAlias("short[]", Short[].class);
    registerAlias("int[]", Integer[].class);
    registerAlias("integer[]", Integer[].class);
    registerAlias("double[]", Double[].class);
    registerAlias("float[]", Float[].class);
    registerAlias("boolean[]", Boolean[].class);

    registerAlias("_byte", byte.class);
    registerAlias("_long", long.class);
    registerAlias("_short", short.class);
    registerAlias("_int", int.class);
    registerAlias("_integer", int.class);
    registerAlias("_double", double.class);
    registerAlias("_float", float.class);
    registerAlias("_boolean", boolean.class);

    registerAlias("_byte[]", byte[].class);
    registerAlias("_long[]", long[].class);
    registerAlias("_short[]", short[].class);
    registerAlias("_int[]", int[].class);
    registerAlias("_integer[]", int[].class);
    registerAlias("_double[]", double[].class);
    registerAlias("_float[]", float[].class);
    registerAlias("_boolean[]", boolean[].class);

    registerAlias("date", Date.class);
    registerAlias("decimal", BigDecimal.class);
    registerAlias("bigdecimal", BigDecimal.class);
    registerAlias("biginteger", BigInteger.class);
    registerAlias("object", Object.class);

    registerAlias("date[]", Date[].class);
    registerAlias("decimal[]", BigDecimal[].class);
    registerAlias("bigdecimal[]", BigDecimal[].class);
    registerAlias("biginteger[]", BigInteger[].class);
    registerAlias("object[]", Object[].class);

    registerAlias("map", Map.class);
    registerAlias("hashmap", HashMap.class);
    registerAlias("list", List.class);
    registerAlias("arraylist", ArrayList.class);
    registerAlias("collection", Collection.class);
    registerAlias("iterator", Iterator.class);

    registerAlias("ResultSet", ResultSet.class);
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  // throws class cast exception as well if types cannot be assigned
  public <T> Class<T> resolveAlias(String string) {
    try {
      if (string == null) {
        return null;
      }
      // issue #748
      String key = string.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
      Class<T> value;
      if (typeAliases.containsKey(key)) {
        value = (Class<T>) typeAliases.get(key);
      } else {
        value = (Class<T>) Resources.classForName(string);
      }
      return value;
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      throw new TypeException("Could not resolve type alias '" + string + "'.  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

  public void registerAliases(String packageName) {
    registerAliases(packageName, Object.class);
  }

  public void registerAliases(String packageName, Class<?> superType) {
    ResolverUtil<Class<?>> resolverUtil = new ResolverUtil<>();
    resolverUtil.find(new ResolverUtil.IsA(superType), packageName);
    Set<Class<? extends Class<?>>> typeSet = resolverUtil.getClasses();
    for (Class<?> type : typeSet) {
      // Ignore inner classes and interfaces (including package-info.java)
      // Skip also inner classes. See issue #6
      if (!type.isAnonymousClass() && !type.isInterface() && !type.isMemberClass()) {
        registerAlias(type);
      }
    }
  }

  public void registerAlias(Class<?> type) {
    String alias = type.getSimpleName();
    Alias aliasAnnotation = type.getAnnotation(Alias.class);
    if (aliasAnnotation != null) {
      alias = aliasAnnotation.value();
    }
    registerAlias(alias, type);
  }

  public void registerAlias(String alias, Class<?> value) {
    if (alias == null) {
      throw new TypeException("The parameter alias cannot be null");
    }
    // issue #748
    String key = alias.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
    if (typeAliases.containsKey(key) && typeAliases.get(key) != null && !typeAliases.get(key).equals(value)) {
      throw new TypeException("The alias '" + alias + "' is already mapped to the value '" + typeAliases.get(key).getName() + "'.");
    }
    typeAliases.put(key, value);
  }

  public void registerAlias(String alias, String value) {
    try {
      registerAlias(alias, Resources.classForName(value));
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      throw new TypeException("Error registering type alias " + alias + " for " + value + ". Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @since 3.2.2
   */
  public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeAliases() {
    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(typeAliases);
  }

}

openSession

DefaultSqlSessionFactory

private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
    Transaction tx = null;
    try {
      final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
      final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
      tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
      final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
      return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

selectList

  @Override
  public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
    try {
      MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
      return executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

executor.query

CachingExecutor

  @Override
  public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
    BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject);
    CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql);
    return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
  }

query

  @Override
  public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
      throws SQLException {
    Cache cache = ms.getCache();
    if (cache != null) {
      flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
      if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
        ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
        if (list == null) {
          list = delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
          tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
        }
        return list;
      }
    }
    return delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
  }

cache 缓存

public interface Cache {

  /**
   * @return The identifier of this cache
   */
  String getId();

  /**
   * @param key Can be any object but usually it is a {@link CacheKey}
   * @param value The result of a select.
   */
  void putObject(Object key, Object value);

  /**
   * @param key The key
   * @return The object stored in the cache.
   */
  Object getObject(Object key);

  /**
   * As of 3.3.0 this method is only called during a rollback
   * for any previous value that was missing in the cache.
   * This lets any blocking cache to release the lock that
   * may have previously put on the key.
   * A blocking cache puts a lock when a value is null
   * and releases it when the value is back again.
   * This way other threads will wait for the value to be
   * available instead of hitting the database.
   *
   *
   * @param key The key
   * @return Not used
   */
  Object removeObject(Object key);

  /**
   * Clears this cache instance.
   */
  void clear();

  /**
   * Optional. This method is not called by the core.
   *
   * @return The number of elements stored in the cache (not its capacity).
   */
  int getSize();

  /**
   * Optional. As of 3.2.6 this method is no longer called by the core.
   * <p>
   * Any locking needed by the cache must be provided internally by the cache provider.
   *
   * @return A ReadWriteLock
   */
  default ReadWriteLock getReadWriteLock() {
    return null;
  }

}

是否需要刷新缓存

  private void flushCacheIfRequired(MappedStatement ms) {
    Cache cache = ms.getCache();
    if (cache != null && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
      tcm.clear(cache);
    }
  }

TransactionalCacheManager

package org.apache.ibatis.cache;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.TransactionalCache;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class TransactionalCacheManager {

  private final Map<Cache, TransactionalCache> transactionalCaches = new HashMap<>();

  public void clear(Cache cache) {
    getTransactionalCache(cache).clear();
  }

  public Object getObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key) {
    return getTransactionalCache(cache).getObject(key);
  }

  public void putObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key, Object value) {
    getTransactionalCache(cache).putObject(key, value);
  }

  public void commit() {
    for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
      txCache.commit();
    }
  }

  public void rollback() {
    for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
      txCache.rollback();
    }
  }

  private TransactionalCache getTransactionalCache(Cache cache) {
    return transactionalCaches.computeIfAbsent(cache, TransactionalCache::new);
  }

}

TransactionalCache

package org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.ibatis.cache.Cache;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.LogFactory;

/**
 * The 2nd level cache transactional buffer.
 * <p>
 * This class holds all cache entries that are to be added to the 2nd level cache during a Session.
 * Entries are sent to the cache when commit is called or discarded if the Session is rolled back.
 * Blocking cache support has been added. Therefore any get() that returns a cache miss
 * will be followed by a put() so any lock associated with the key can be released.
 *
 * @author Clinton Begin
 * @author Eduardo Macarron
 */
public class TransactionalCache implements Cache {

  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TransactionalCache.class);

  private final Cache delegate;
  private boolean clearOnCommit;
  private final Map<Object, Object> entriesToAddOnCommit;
  private final Set<Object> entriesMissedInCache;
  ...

}

SQL 执行器

package org.apache.ibatis.executor;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheKey;
import org.apache.ibatis.cursor.Cursor;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.BoundSql;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.MappedStatement;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.MetaObject;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.ResultHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.RowBounds;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.Transaction;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public interface Executor {

  ResultHandler NO_RESULT_HANDLER = null;

  int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter) throws SQLException;

  <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey cacheKey, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException;

  <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException;

  <E> Cursor<E> queryCursor(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) throws SQLException;

  List<BatchResult> flushStatements() throws SQLException;

  void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException;

  void rollback(boolean required) throws SQLException;

  CacheKey createCacheKey(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, BoundSql boundSql);

  boolean isCached(MappedStatement ms, CacheKey key);

  void clearLocalCache();

  void deferLoad(MappedStatement ms, MetaObject resultObject, String property, CacheKey key, Class<?> targetType);

  Transaction getTransaction();

  void close(boolean forceRollback);

  boolean isClosed();

  void setExecutorWrapper(Executor executor);

}

实现类有 BaseExecutor, CachingExecutor:

插件 Interceptor

MyBatis 的插件机制是通过 Interceptor 来实现. 例如, 常用的分页插件 PageHelper.

插件拦截器链
InterceptorChain

package org.apache.ibatis.plugin;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class InterceptorChain {

  private final List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();

  public Object pluginAll(Object target) {
    for (Interceptor interceptor : interceptors) {
      target = interceptor.plugin(target);
    }
    return target;
  }

  public void addInterceptor(Interceptor interceptor) {
    interceptors.add(interceptor);
  }

  public List<Interceptor> getInterceptors() {
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(interceptors);
  }

}

CachingExecutor，通过类名我们可以猜测到，这个Executor执行类是使用内存的，将数据保存到缓存中，这样可以有效的解决增删改查性能。缓存的作用域为mapper（namespace），所以同一个namespace的操作会影响到相同作用域下的缓存，这样不同的域对同一个表进行操作很有可能导致缓存中的数据不一样。

Mybatis中所有的Mapper语句的执行都是通过Executor进行的，Executor是Mybatis的一个核心接口，其定义如下。从其定义的接口方法我们可以看出，对应的增删改语句是通过Executor接口的update方法进行的，查询是通过query方法进行的。

虽然Executor接口的实现类有BaseExecutor和CachingExecutor，而BaseExecutor的子类又有SimpleExecutor、ReuseExecutor和BatchExecutor，但BaseExecutor是一个抽象类，其只实现了一些公共的封装，而把真正的核心实现都通过方法抽象出来给子类实现，如doUpdate()、doQuery()；CachingExecutor只是在Executor的基础上加入了缓存的功能，底层还是通过Executor调用的，所以真正有作用的Executor只有SimpleExecutor、ReuseExecutor和BatchExecutor。它们都是自己实现的Executor核心功能，没有借助任何其它的Executor实现，它们是实现不同也就注定了它们的功能也是不一样的。Executor是跟SqlSession绑定在一起的，每一个SqlSession都拥有一个新的Executor对象，由Configuration创建。

一级缓存

package org.apache.ibatis.executor;

import static org.apache.ibatis.executor.ExecutionPlaceholder.EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

import org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheKey;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl.PerpetualCache;
import org.apache.ibatis.cursor.Cursor;
import org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.StatementUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.ConnectionLogger;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.BoundSql;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.MappedStatement;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.ParameterMapping;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.ParameterMode;
import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.StatementType;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.MetaObject;
import org.apache.ibatis.reflection.factory.ObjectFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.LocalCacheScope;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.ResultHandler;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.RowBounds;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.Transaction;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeHandlerRegistry;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public abstract class BaseExecutor implements Executor {

  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(BaseExecutor.class);

  protected Transaction transaction;
  protected Executor wrapper;

  protected ConcurrentLinkedQueue<DeferredLoad> deferredLoads;
  protected PerpetualCache localCache;
  protected PerpetualCache localOutputParameterCache;
  protected Configuration configuration;

  protected int queryStack;
  private boolean closed;
  ....
}

其中, PerpetualCache

package org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.ibatis.cache.Cache;
import org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheException;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class PerpetualCache implements Cache {

  private final String id;

  private Map<Object, Object> cache = new HashMap<>();

  public PerpetualCache(String id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  @Override
  public String getId() {
    return id;
  }

  @Override
  public int getSize() {
    return cache.size();
  }

  @Override
  public void putObject(Object key, Object value) {
    cache.put(key, value);
  }

  @Override
  public Object getObject(Object key) {
    return cache.get(key);
  }

  @Override
  public Object removeObject(Object key) {
    return cache.remove(key);
  }

  @Override
  public void clear() {
    cache.clear();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (getId() == null) {
      throw new CacheException("Cache instances require an ID.");
    }
    if (this == o) {
      return true;
    }
    if (!(o instanceof Cache)) {
      return false;
    }

    Cache otherCache = (Cache) o;
    return getId().equals(otherCache.getId());
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    if (getId() == null) {
      throw new CacheException("Cache instances require an ID.");
    }
    return getId().hashCode();
  }

}

Perpetual : adj.
不间断的;持续的;长久的;一再反复的;无尽无休的;没完没了的;终身的;永久的