解决方案

# 给mysql用户授权所在目录
chown mysql:mysql -R /www/server/mysql/

定位错误日志路径

查看MySQL配置文件 vim /etc/my.cnf
找到错误日志的路径log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
- 宝塔面板中没有log-error,而是配置在`innodb_log_group_home_dir=/www/server/data

查看错误日志(这个是已经修改授权后的目录权限)

[root@izwz9awyk38uq20rb3czmnz ~]# ll -h /www/server/data
total 215M
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   56 May 29 11:59 auto.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4.0K May 29 12:52 faster_test
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4.0K May 29 12:36 fastrunner
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Nov 19 09:59 fastrunner1
-rw-r----- 1 root  root   705 Nov 26 00:13 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  74M Nov 27 11:00 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  64M Nov 27 11:00 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  64M May 29 11:59 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  12M Nov 27 11:00 ibtmp1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 887K Nov 27 11:14 izwz9awyk38uq20rb3czmnz.err
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql    6 Nov 27 11:00 izwz9awyk38uq20rb3czmnz.pid
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4.0K May 29 11:59 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  25K Nov 27 11:00 mysql-slow.log
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4.0K May 29 11:59 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql  12K May 29 11:59 sys
[root@izwz9awyk38uq20rb3czmnz ~]# cd  /www/server/data
[root@izwz9awyk38uq20rb3czmnz data]# vim izwz9awyk38uq20rb3czmnz.err

找到错误原因,目录`/www/server/mysql/`属于root用户,授权MySQL用户即可

2019-11-25T16:13:03.064433Z 0 [Note] /www/server/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.26-log) starting as process 2846 ...
mysqld: File './mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)
2019-11-25T16:13:03.069199Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting