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headfirstpython(第四章)–学习笔记

headfirstpython(第四章)–学习笔记

作者: dnaEMx | 来源:发表于2015-04-28 11:50 被阅读373次

    其实持久存储不仅仅包含文件,还包括数据库等,本章先介绍一部分,先熟悉一下。

    熟悉python数据

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    
    man = []
    other = []
    
    try:
        data = open('sketch.txt')
        for each_line in data:
                try:
                        (role,line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
                        line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()  #这里的解读是:这里不是直接处理line_spoken字符串,python 不会改变字符串,他会创建一个新的字符串出来然后执行类似如strip()的方法,然后将返回值赋值到原来的字符串
                        if role == 'Man':
                                man.append(line_spoken)
                        elif role == 'Other Man':
                                other.append(line_spoken)
                except ValueError:
                        pass
        data.close()
    except IOError:
        print('The datafile is missing!')
    
    print (man)
    print (other)
    

    print ("Norwegian Blues XXXX",file=out) 是python 3.0用法,如果旧版本的python就是用

    data.write(result)
    

    需要注意的是,如果要写入文件,那么打开文件的时候要用w写入模式才行,读取的话是r。

    对于try:except无法处理的情况时候,使用finally

    finally是代表总会执行而不论try:except的报错

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    man = []
    other = []
    
    try:
        data = open('sketch.txt')
        for each_line in data:
                try:
                        (role,line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
                        line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()  #这里的解读是:这里不是直接处理line_spoken字符串,python 不会改变字符串,他会创建一个新的字符串出来然后执行类似如strip()的方法,然后将返回值赋值到原来的字符串
                        if role == 'Man':
                                man.append(line_spoken)
                        elif role == 'Other Man':
                                other.append(line_spoken)
                except ValueError:
                        pass
        data.close()
    except IOError:
        print('The datafile is missing!')
    
    finally:
        data.close()
    

    详细打印捕获到的错误信息

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    
    man = []
    other = []
    
    try:
        data = open('sketch.txt')
        for each_line in data:
                try:
                        (role,line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
                        line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()  #这里的解读是:这里不是直接处理line_spoken字符串,python 不会改变字符串,他会创建一个新的字符串出来然后执行类似如strip()的方法,然后将返回值赋值到原来的字符串
                        if role == 'Man':
                                man.append(line_spoken)
                        elif role == 'Other Man':
                                other.append(line_spoken)
                except ValueError:
                        pass
        data.close()
    except IOError as err:
        print('The datafile is missing!' + str(err)) # 捕获详细的错误信息,这个信息需要str格式化
    
    finally:
        data.close()
    

    例如详细的错误信息会显示: File error: XXXX NO such file or directory:'sketch.txt'

    用with代替open

    因为with 会自动关闭文件,而不用像open那样要在结尾是用close关闭

    with open('its.txt',"w") as data:
        print data
    

    学习是用pickle

    pickle的使用原因是它是python的专用持久存储方式,可以不用理会格式问题,直接保存,直接使用,这就是他的闪光之处。

    用dump保存,用load恢复

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    import pickle
    with open('mydata.pickle','w') as mysavedata:
        pickle.dump([1,2,3],mysavedata)
    
    a = []
    with open('mydata.pickle','r') as myrestoredata:
        a = pickle.load(myrestoredata)
    print a
    

    原文链接:http://www.godblessyuan.com/2015/04/27/head_first_python_chapter_5_learning/

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