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django restful API

django restful API

作者: 裴general | 来源:发表于2018-05-12 19:25 被阅读0次

    摘要

    什么是rest:REST是所有Web应用都应该遵守的架构设计指导原则
    rest设计有点: 1.客户端-服务端分离 2..无状态(Stateless):从客户端的每个请求要包含服务器所需要的所有信息 3.缓存(Cachable):服务器返回信息必须被标记是否可以缓存,如果缓存,客户端可能会重用之前的信息发送请求 4.统一接口优点:提高交互的可见性,鼓励单独改善组件 5.支持按需代码(Code-On-Demand 可选)
    REST是面向资源进行的,而资源是通过URI进行暴露的。
    REST同一个资源的一组不同的操作

    1.django restful流程

    models ----> Serialiers --->viewsets ---->routers --->urls ---->filters

    2.配置settings.py文件

    (1)INSTALLED_APPS 追加 rest_freamwork


    image.png

    (2)配置restful API的返回结果

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        # 分页
        'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
        'PAGE_SIZE': 2,
    
        # 设置搜索---将版本换为3.4.6
        'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('rest_framework.filters.DjangoFilterBackend',
                                   'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter'),
    
        # 返回结构自定义
        'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (
            'utils.RenderResponse.CustomJsonRenderer',
        )
    }
    

    3.配置应用文件urls.py,设置路由

    from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
    from django.conf.urls import url
    
    router = SimpleRouter()
    router.register(r'student', views.Studentsedit)
    urlpatterns += router.urls
    

    4.views.py文件中配置相关方法 ,实现CRUD

    这里的方法要使用class

    from rest_framework import mixins, viewsets
    from stu.serializers import StudentSerializer
    from rest_framework.response import Response
    from stu.filters import StuFilter
    
    class Studentsedit(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                       mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                       mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                       mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                       mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                       viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    
        # 查询所有信息
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        # 序列化
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer
    
        # 过滤
        filter_class = StuFilter
    
        # 重定义获得  删除后筛选出删除状态为0的,并且对其从大到小进行排序
        def get_queryset(self):
            query = self.queryset
            return query.filter(s_delete=0).order_by('-id')
    
        # 重定义删除  实现软删除  使数据库中的删除状态转变, 实际上数据依然留在数据库中
        def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            instance = self.get_object()
            instance.s_delete = 1
            instance.save()
            return Response({'msg': '删除成功', 'code': 200})
    

    5.应用文件下新建过滤filters.py 和 序列化 serializers.py文件

    (1)序列化 serializers
    序列化的数据是json格式

    from rest_framework import serializers
    from stu.models import Student
    
    
    class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 重定义错误信息返回名
        s_name = serializers.CharField(error_messages={
            'blank': '用户名不能为空',
            'max_length': '用户名不能超过10个字符串'
        }, max_length=10)
    
        s_tel = serializers.CharField(error_messages={
            'blank': '电话号码不能为空'
        })
    
    # 传递的字段
        class Meta:
            model = Student
            fields = ['id', 's_name', 's_tel', 's_yuwen', 's_status', 's_operate_time']
    
    # 显示实例的关联的地址
        def to_representation(self, instance):
    
            data = super().to_representation(instance)
            try:
                data['s_addr'] = instance.studentinfo.i_addr
            except Exception as e:
                data['s_addr'] = ''
            data['s_status'] = dict(Student.STATUS)[data['s_status']]
    
            return data
    

    (2)定义过滤

    import django_filters
    from rest_framework import filters
    from stu.models import Student
    
    
    class StuFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    
        name = django_filters.CharFilter('s_name', lookup_expr='icontains')
        tel = django_filters.CharFilter('s_tel')
        status = django_filters.CharFilter('s_status')
        operate_time_min = django_filters.DateTimeFilter('s_operate_time', lookup_expr='gte')
        operate_time_max = django_filters.DateTimeFilter('s_operate_time', lookup_expr='lte')
        yuwen_min = django_filters.NumberFilter('s_yuwen', lookup_expr='gte')
        yuwen_max = django_filters.NumberFilter('s_yuwen', lookup_expr='lte')
    
    
        class Meta:
            model = Student
            fields = ['s_name', 's_tel', 's_yuwen', 's_status', 's_operate_time']
    

    6.查询

    可以通过网页直接查询, 也可以通过postman软件来进行操作

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