摘要
什么是rest:REST是所有Web应用都应该遵守的架构设计指导原则
rest设计有点: 1.客户端-服务端分离 2..无状态(Stateless):从客户端的每个请求要包含服务器所需要的所有信息 3.缓存(Cachable):服务器返回信息必须被标记是否可以缓存,如果缓存,客户端可能会重用之前的信息发送请求 4.统一接口优点:提高交互的可见性,鼓励单独改善组件 5.支持按需代码(Code-On-Demand 可选)
REST是面向资源进行的,而资源是通过URI进行暴露的。
REST同一个资源的一组不同的操作
1.django restful流程
models ----> Serialiers --->viewsets ---->routers --->urls ---->filters
2.配置settings.py文件
(1)INSTALLED_APPS 追加 rest_freamwork
image.png
(2)配置restful API的返回结果
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 分页
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
'PAGE_SIZE': 2,
# 设置搜索---将版本换为3.4.6
'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('rest_framework.filters.DjangoFilterBackend',
'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter'),
# 返回结构自定义
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (
'utils.RenderResponse.CustomJsonRenderer',
)
}
3.配置应用文件urls.py,设置路由
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
from django.conf.urls import url
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register(r'student', views.Studentsedit)
urlpatterns += router.urls
4.views.py文件中配置相关方法 ,实现CRUD
这里的方法要使用class
from rest_framework import mixins, viewsets
from stu.serializers import StudentSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from stu.filters import StuFilter
class Studentsedit(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
viewsets.GenericViewSet):
# 查询所有信息
queryset = Student.objects.all()
# 序列化
serializer_class = StudentSerializer
# 过滤
filter_class = StuFilter
# 重定义获得 删除后筛选出删除状态为0的,并且对其从大到小进行排序
def get_queryset(self):
query = self.queryset
return query.filter(s_delete=0).order_by('-id')
# 重定义删除 实现软删除 使数据库中的删除状态转变, 实际上数据依然留在数据库中
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
instance = self.get_object()
instance.s_delete = 1
instance.save()
return Response({'msg': '删除成功', 'code': 200})
5.应用文件下新建过滤filters.py 和 序列化 serializers.py文件
(1)序列化 serializers
序列化的数据是json格式
from rest_framework import serializers
from stu.models import Student
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 重定义错误信息返回名
s_name = serializers.CharField(error_messages={
'blank': '用户名不能为空',
'max_length': '用户名不能超过10个字符串'
}, max_length=10)
s_tel = serializers.CharField(error_messages={
'blank': '电话号码不能为空'
})
# 传递的字段
class Meta:
model = Student
fields = ['id', 's_name', 's_tel', 's_yuwen', 's_status', 's_operate_time']
# 显示实例的关联的地址
def to_representation(self, instance):
data = super().to_representation(instance)
try:
data['s_addr'] = instance.studentinfo.i_addr
except Exception as e:
data['s_addr'] = ''
data['s_status'] = dict(Student.STATUS)[data['s_status']]
return data
(2)定义过滤
import django_filters
from rest_framework import filters
from stu.models import Student
class StuFilter(filters.FilterSet):
name = django_filters.CharFilter('s_name', lookup_expr='icontains')
tel = django_filters.CharFilter('s_tel')
status = django_filters.CharFilter('s_status')
operate_time_min = django_filters.DateTimeFilter('s_operate_time', lookup_expr='gte')
operate_time_max = django_filters.DateTimeFilter('s_operate_time', lookup_expr='lte')
yuwen_min = django_filters.NumberFilter('s_yuwen', lookup_expr='gte')
yuwen_max = django_filters.NumberFilter('s_yuwen', lookup_expr='lte')
class Meta:
model = Student
fields = ['s_name', 's_tel', 's_yuwen', 's_status', 's_operate_time']
6.查询
可以通过网页直接查询, 也可以通过postman软件来进行操作
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