这几天在家上网课,学了英语简单句语法的一些知识,特整理下来与大家分享。
一、简单句的五大类型
英语中的简单句型一共分为5种,分别是:“主谓结构“、“主谓宾结构”、“主系表结构”、“主谓宾宾结构和“主谓宾宾补结构”。
例如:
1.我哭了 I cry. 这个句子是主谓结构
2.我弄丢了N95口罩 I lost N95mask. 这个句子是主谓宾结构
3.妈妈给我一个N95口罩。 Mom gives me an N95 mask. 或Mom gives an N95 mask to me.或 Mom buys an N95 mask for me 这个句子是主谓宾宾结构
常见接双宾语的动词:
tell; show; give ;buy ;make; draw
4.我很伤心 I am sad. 主系表结构
常见的系动词:
be 是; turn转变为;smell闻起来是; seem似乎是;prove证实是;remain保持为;become成为。
系动词+表语例句:
①The cake goes bad.
②The cake tastes good.
③The cake remains fresh.
5.我把N95口罩弄脏了 I made the N95mask dirty.主谓宾宾补结构
真题例句:
Indoor pollution has remained constant over the past several decades.(CET4-2018-12) 在过去几十年里,室内污染一直保持不变 这个句子是主系表结构
二、简单句核心的变化——谓语的变化规律
谓语动词的变化从四个方面来讲分别是:时态、 情态、 语态、 否定。
㈠ 时态
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i12357022/be74aa120b369b63.jpg)
例句:
一般现在时: My father loves my mother.
一般过去时: I saw the film The Wandering Earth last year.
一般将来时: My mother will buy/is going to buy some N95 mask tomorrow.
过去将来时: The summer vacation was over, and then the students would go back to school.
过去进行时: My father was watching the TV news the whole day yesterday.
现在进行时: I am listening an English grammar class at home right now.
现在完成时 I have finished part of my graduation thesis (since I started last summer). 表示现在之前……时间,一件事完成的结果。
过去完成时 The enemy had fled the city before we arrived, and we decide to chase them now.表示过去之前……时间,一件事完成的结果。
㈡ 语态
例句:
我打扫房间: I clean the room.(主动语态)
房间被(我)打扫 The room is cleaned by me.(被动语态)
真题例句:
They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips……(CET-4,2019-06)(过去将来时的被动)翻译:他们将被允许派遣一批自动即使汽车进行跨洲公路旅行。
㈢ 情态
①表示情绪态度:can/could(能够); will/would(愿意);must(必须); may/might(可以);shall/should(应该)
②表推测他()被感染了 。 must(肯定) may/might 、 should/shall(可能)Can’t/couldn’t(不可能)
㈣ 否定
实义动词的否定:do/does/did+动词原形
情态动词的否定:情态动词+not+动词原形
三、非谓语动词部分(不定式、动名词、分词)
不定式(to do)可以充当句子的任何成分(除谓语)
例句:
1.To see is to believe 不定式做主语/表语
2.My mother wants to dance downstairs. 不定式做宾语
动名词(doing)充当主/宾/表/定(是保留了动作的名词)
例句:
1.Seeing is believing.动名词做主语/表语
2.We should enjoy staying at home instead of taking the risk of going out.不定式做宾语
分词(doing/done)充当表/定/状(是保留了动作的形容词)
1.A smiling face;分词做定语
2.a broken window; 分词做定语
3.please remain seated. 分词做表语
4.The movie Forrest Gump is quite touching.分词做表语
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