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Promise手写

Promise手写

作者: Young_Jeff | 来源:发表于2021-07-12 11:39 被阅读0次

    代码块中的省略号,代表相较于上次代码未改动部分

    1)核心逻辑实现

    分析:

    1. 根据调用方式可知,promise是一个类,需要传递一个执行器进去,执行器会立即执行
    2. promise有三种状态,分别为成功-fulfilled 失败-rejected 等待-pending,一旦状态确定就不可改变
      pending > fulfilled
      pending > rejected
    3. resolve和reject函数是用来改变状态的,resolve是成功,reject是失败;
    4. then接受两个参数,如果状态成功就调用成功回调函数(参数代表成功结果),否则就调用失败回调(参数代表失败原因)

    分析完毕,开搞:

    const PENDING = 'pending';
    const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
    const REJECTED = 'rejected';
    class MyPromise {
      constructor(exector) {
        // exector是一个执行器,传入resolve和reject方法,进入会立即执行,
        exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
      }
      // 实例对象上属性,初始状态为等待
      status = PENDING;
      // 成功后的值
      value = undefined;
      // 失败后的原因
      reason = undefined;
      // 使用箭头函数,让this指向当前实例对象
      resolve = (value) => {
        // 判断状态不是等待,阻止执行
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        // 将状态改为成功,并保存成功值
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
      };
      reject = (reason) => {
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        // 将状态改为失败,并保存失败原因
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
      };
      then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
          // 调用成功回调,把结果返回
          successCallback(this.value);
        } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
          // 调用失败回调,把错误信息返回
          failCallback(this.reason);
        }
      }
    }
    

    2)加入异步处理逻辑

    const PENDING = 'pending';
    const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
    const REJECTED = 'rejected';
    class MyPromise {
      constructor(exector) {
        // exector是一个执行器,传入resolve和reject方法,进入会立即执行,
        exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
      }
      // 实例对象上属性,初始状态为等待
      status = PENDING;
      // 成功后的值
      value = undefined;
      // 失败后的原因
      reason = undefined;
      // 定义成功回调和失败回调参数
      successCallback = undefined;
      failCallback = undefined;
      // 使用箭头函数,让this指向当前实例对象
      resolve = (value) => {
        // 判断状态不是等待,阻止执行
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        // 将状态改为成功,并保存成功值
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        this.successCallback && this.successCallback(this.value);
      };
      reject = (reason) => {
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        // 将状态改为失败,并保存失败原因
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        this.failCallback && this.failCallback(this.reason);
      };
      then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
          // 调用成功回调,把结果返回
          successCallback(this.value);
        } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
          // 调用失败回调,把错误信息返回
          failCallback(this.reason);
        } else {
          // 等待状态,把成功和失败回调暂存起来
          this.successCallback = successCallback;
          this.failCallback = failCallback;
        }
      }
    }
    

    3)then 方法多次调用

    • promise的then是可以被多次调用的,
    • 如下例子,如果三个then调用,都是同步调用,则直接返回值即可;
    • 如果是异步调用,那么成功回调和失败回调应该是多个不同的;
    let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve('success')
      }, 2000); 
     })
    
     promise.then(value => {
       console.log(1)
       console.log('resolve', value)  //resolve success
     })
     
     promise.then(value => {
      console.log(2)
      console.log('resolve', value) //resolve success
    })
    
    promise.then(value => {
      console.log(3)
      console.log('resolve', value) //resolve success
    })
    

    所以需要改进:把回调放进数组,待状态确定后统一执行

    const PENDING = 'pending';
    const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
    const REJECTED = 'rejected';
    class MyPromise {
      constructor(exector) {
        // exector是一个执行器,传入resolve和reject方法,进入会立即执行,
        exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
      }
      // 实例对象上属性,初始状态为等待
      status = PENDING;
      // 成功后的值
      value = undefined;
      // 失败后的原因
      reason = undefined;
      // 定义成功回调和失败回调参数,初始化空数组
      successCallback = [];
      failCallback = [];
      // 使用箭头函数,让this指向当前实例对象
      resolve = (value) => {
        // 判断状态不是等待,阻止执行
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        // 将状态改为成功,并保存成功值
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        while (this.successCallback.length) {
          this.successCallback.shift()(this.value);
        }
      };
      reject = (reason) => {
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        // 将状态改为失败,并保存失败原因
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        while (this.failCallback.length) {
          this.failCallback.shift()(this.reason);
        }
      };
      then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
          // 调用成功回调,把结果返回
          successCallback(this.value);
        } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
          // 调用失败回调,把错误信息返回
          failCallback(this.reason);
        } else {
          // 等待状态,把成功和失败回调暂存到数组中
          this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
          this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
        }
      }
    }
    

    4)then 方法链式调用

    • then方法会返回一个新的Promise实例。因此可以采用链式写法
    • then方法可以返回一个普通值或者一个新的promise实例

    返回普通值用法:

    let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      // 目前这里只处理同步的问题
      resolve('success');
    });
    promise
      .then((value) => {
        console.log('1', value); //  1 success
        return 'hello';
      })
      .then((value) => {
        console.log('2', value); //  2 hello
      });
    
    

    返回新的promise实例用法:

    let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      // 目前这里只处理同步的问题
      resolve('success');
    });
    function other() {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        resolve('other');
      });
    }
    promise
      .then((value) => {
        console.log('1', value); //  1 success
        return other();
      })
      .then((value) => {
        console.log('2', value); //  2 other
      });
    
    

    实现:

    const PENDING = 'pending';
    const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
    const REJECTED = 'rejected';
    class MyPromise {
      constructor(exector) {
        exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
      }
    
      status = PENDING;
      value = undefined;
      reason = undefined;
      successCallback = [];
      failCallback = [];
    
      resolve = (value) => {
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        while (this.successCallback.length)
          this.successCallback.shift()(this.value);
      };
    
      reject = (reason) => {
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        while (this.failCallback.length) this.failCallback.shift()(this.reason);
      };
    
      then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        // then方法返回第一个promise对象
        let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
          if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
            // x是上一个promise回调函数的返回结果
            // 判断x是普通值还是promise实例
            // 如果是普通值,直接resolve
            // 如果是promise实例,待promise状态变为fulfilled,调用resolve或者reject
    
            // 因为mew MyPromise需要执行完才能拿到promise2,所以通过异步拿到
            setTimeout(() => {
              let x = successCallback(this.value);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            }, 0);
          } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
            failCallback(this.reason);
          } else {
            this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
            this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
          }
        });
        return promise2;
      }
    }
    
    function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) {
      // 如果等于了,说明返回了自身,报错
      if (promise2 === x) {
        return reject(
          new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>')
        );
      }
      // 判断x是不是其实例对象
      if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
        x.then(
          (value) => resolve(value),
          (reason) => reject(reason)
        );
      } else {
        // 普通值
        resolve(x);
      }
    }
    

    5)捕获错误及优化

    1. 捕获执行器中的错误
    constructor(exector) {
        // 捕获错误,如果有错误就执行reject
        try {
          exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
        } catch (e) {
          this.reject(e);
        }
      }
    

    验证:

    let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        // resolve('success')
        throw new Error('执行器错误')
    })
    promise.then(value => {
      console.log(1)
      console.log('resolve', value)
    }, reason => {
      console.log(2)
      console.log(reason.message)
    })
    //2
    //执行器错误
    
    1. then执行的时候报错捕获
    then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        // then方法返回第一个promise对象
        let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
          if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = successCallback(this.value);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
            failCallback(this.reason);
          } else {
            this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
            this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
          }
        });
        return promise2;
      }
    

    验证:

    let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      resolve('success');
    });
    // 第一个then方法中的错误要在第二个then方法中捕获到
    promise
      .then(
        (value) => {
          console.log('1', value);
          throw new Error('then error');
        },
        (reason) => {
          console.log('2', reason.message);
        }
      )
      .then(
        (value) => {
          console.log('3', value);
        },
        (reason) => {
          console.log('4', reason.message);
        }
      );
    // 1 success
    // 4 then error
    
    1. 错误后的链式调用
    then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        // then方法返回第一个promise对象
        let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
          if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = successCallback(this.value);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = failCallback(this.reason);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          } else {
            this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
            this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
          }
        });
        return promise2;
      }
    

    验证:

    let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      throw new Error('执行器错误');
    });
    
    // 第一个then方法中的错误要在第二个then方法中捕获到
    promise
      .then(
        (value) => {
          console.log('1', value);
          throw new Error('then error');
        },
        (reason) => {
          console.log('2', reason.message);
          return 200;
        }
      )
      .then(
        (value) => {
          console.log('3', value);
        },
        (reason) => {
          console.log('4', reason.message);
        }
      );
    // 2 执行器错误
    // 3 200
    
    
    1. 异步状态下链式调用(then方法优化)
       ...
      resolve = (value) => {
       ...
        // 调用时,不再需要传值,因为在push回调数组时,已经处理了
        while (this.successCallback.length) this.successCallback.shift()();
      };
      reject = (reason) => {
        ...
        // 调用时,不再需要传值,因为在push回调数组时,已经处理了
        while (this.failCallback.length) this.failCallback.shift()();
      };
    
      then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        // then方法返回第一个promise对象
        let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
          if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
            ...
          } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
            ...
          } else {
            // 处理异步情况
            this.successCallback.push(() => {
              setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                  let x = successCallback(this.value);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0);
            });
            this.failCallback.push(() => {
              setTimeout(() => {
                // 如果回调中报错的话就执行reject
                try {
                  let x = failCallback(this.reason);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0);
            });
          }
        });
        return promise2;
      }
    

    验证:

    let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve('成功');
      }, 2000);
    });
    // 第一个then方法中的错误要在第二个then方法中捕获到
    promise
      .then(
        (value) => {
          console.log('1', value);
          return 'hello';
        },
        (reason) => {
          console.log('2', reason.message);
          return 200;
        }
      )
      .then(
        (value) => {
          console.log('3', value);
        },
        (reason) => {
          console.log('4', reason.message);
        }
      );
    // 1 成功
    // 3 hello
    

    6)把then方法的参数变成可选参数

    var promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          resolve(100)
        })
        promise
          .then()
          .then()
          .then()
          .then(value => console.log(value))
    // 在控制台最后一个then中输出了100
    
    // 这个相当于
    promise
      .then(value => value)
      .then(value => value)
      .then(value => value)
      .then(value => console.log(value))
    

    所以修改then方法:

     then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        // 先判断回调函数是否传了,如果没预留就默认一个函数,把参数返回
        successCallback = successCallback ? successCallback : (value) => value;
        failCallback = failCallback  ? failCallback : (reason) => {  throw reason };
        ...
      }
    

    7)实现Promise.all

    promise.all方法是解决异步并发问题的

    // 如果p1是两秒之后执行的,p2是立即执行的,那么根据正常的是p2在p1的前面。
    // 如果我们在all中指定了执行顺序,那么会根据我们传递的顺序进行执行。
    function p1 () {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve('p1')
        }, 2000)
      })
    }
    function p2 () {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve('p2')
        },0)
      })
    }
    Promise.all(['a', 'b', p1(), p2(), 'c']).then(result => {
      console.log(result)
      // ["a", "b", "p1", "p2", "c"]
    })
    

    分析:

    • all方法接收一个数组,数组中可以是普通值也可以是promise对象
    • 数组中值得顺序一定是我们得到的结果的顺序
    • 返回值也是一个promise对象,可以调用then方法
    • 如果数组中所有值是成功的,那么then里面就是成功回调,如果有一个值是失败的,那么then里面就是失败的
    • 使用all方法是用类直接调用,那么all一定是一个静态方法

    分析完,开整:

    class MyPromise {
      ...
      static all(array) {
        // 结果数组
        let result = [];
        // 计数器
        let index = 0;
        return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
          let addData = (key, value) => {
            result[key] = value;
            index++;
            // 当计数器等于参数数组的长度,说明所有参数已经执行完毕
            if (index === array.length) {
              resolve(result);
            }
          };
          // 对传递的数组中遍历
          for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
            let current = array[i];
            if (current instanceof MyPromise) {
              current.then(
                (value) => addData(i, value),
                (reason) => reject(reason)
              );
            } else {
              addData(i, array[i]);
            }
          }
        });
      }
    }
    

    验证:

    function p1() {
      return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve('p1');
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    
    function p2() {
      return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve('p2');
        }, 0);
      });
    }
    Promise.all(['a', 'b', p1(), p2(), 'c']).then((result) => {
      console.log(result);
      // ["a", "b", "p1", "p2", "c"]
    });
    

    8)实现Promise.resolve

    分析:

    • 如果参数是一个promise对象,则直接返回;如果是一个值,则生成一个promise对象,把值进行返回
    • 肯定是一个静态方法
    class MyPromise {
      ...
      // Promise.resolve方法
      static resolve(value) {
        if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
          return value;
        } else {
          return new MyPromise((resolve) => resolve(value));
        }
      }
    }
    

    验证:

    function p1() {
      return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve('p1');
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    
    Promise.resolve(100).then((value) => console.log(value));
    Promise.resolve(p1()).then((value) => console.log(value));
    // 100
    // 2s 之后输出 p1
    

    8)实现finally方法

    • 无论最终状态是成功或是失败,finally都会执行
    • 可以在finally之后拿到then的结果
    • 这是原型上的方法
      // finally
      // 使用then方法拿到promise的状态,无论成功或失败都返回callback
      // then方法返回的就是一个promise,拿到成功回调就把value return,错误回调就把错误信息return
      // 如果callback是一个异步promise,还需等待其执行完毕,所以要用到静态方法resolve
      finally(callback) {
        return this.then(
          (value) => {
            return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => value);
          },
          (reason) => {
            return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => {
              throw reason;
            });
          }
        );
      }
    

    验证:

    function p1() {
      return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve('p1');
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    function p2() {
      return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        reject('p2 reject');
      });
    }
    p2()
      .finally(() => {
        console.log('finallyp2');
        return p1();
      })
      .then(
        (value) => {
          console.log('成功回调', value);
        },
        (reason) => {
          console.log('失败回调', reason);
        }
      );
    // finallyp2
    // 两秒之后执行p2 reject
    

    9)实现catch方法

    • 可以捕获全局错误
    • 也是原型对象的方法
     // 直接调用then方法,然后成功的地方传递undefined,错误的地方传递reason
      catch(failCallback) {
        return this.then(undefined, failCallback);
      }
    

    Promise全部代码

    const PENDING = 'pending';
    const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
    const REJECTED = 'rejected';
    class MyPromise {
      constructor(exector) {
        // 捕获错误,如果有错误就执行reject
        try {
          exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
        } catch (e) {
          this.reject(e);
        }
      }
    
      status = PENDING;
      value = undefined;
      reason = undefined;
      successCallback = [];
      failCallback = [];
    
      resolve = (value) => {
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        // 调用时,不再需要传值,因为在push回调数组时,已经处理了
        while (this.successCallback.length) this.successCallback.shift()();
      };
    
      reject = (reason) => {
        if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        // 调用时,不再需要传值,因为在push回调数组时,已经处理了
        while (this.failCallback.length) this.failCallback.shift()();
      };
    
      then(successCallback, failCallback) {
        // 先判断回调函数是否传了,如果没预留就默认一个函数,把参数返回
        successCallback = successCallback ? successCallback : (value) => value;
        failCallback = failCallback
          ? failCallback
          : (reason) => {
              throw reason;
            };
        // then方法返回第一个promise对象
        let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
          if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
            // x是上一个promise回调函数的返回结果
            // 判断x是普通值还是promise实例
            // 如果是普通值,直接resolve
            // 如果是promise实例,待promise状态变为fulfilled,调用resolve或者reject
    
            // 因为mew MyPromise需要执行完才能拿到promise2,所以通过异步拿到
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = successCallback(this.value);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = failCallback(this.reason);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          } else {
            // 处理异步情况
            this.successCallback.push(() => {
              setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                  let x = successCallback(this.value);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0);
            });
            this.failCallback.push(() => {
              setTimeout(() => {
                // 如果回调中报错的话就执行reject
                try {
                  let x = failCallback(this.reason);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0);
            });
          }
        });
        return promise2;
      }
    
      static all(array) {
        // 结果数组
        let result = [];
        // 计数器
        let index = 0;
        return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
          let addData = (key, value) => {
            result[key] = value;
            index++;
            // 当计数器等于参数数组的长度,说明所有参数已经执行完毕
            if (index === array.length) {
              resolve(result);
            }
          };
    
          // 对传递的数组中遍历
          for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
            let current = array[i];
            if (current instanceof MyPromise) {
              current.then(
                (value) => addData(i, value),
                (reason) => reject(reason)
              );
            } else {
              addData(i, array[i]);
            }
          }
        });
      }
      // Promise.resolve方法
      static resolve(value) {
        if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
          return value;
        } else {
          return new MyPromise((resolve) => resolve(value));
        }
      }
      // finally
      // 使用then方法拿到promise的状态,无论成功或失败都返回callback
      // then方法返回的就是一个promise,拿到成功回调就把value return,错误回调就把错误信息return
      // 如果callback是一个异步promise,还需等待其执行完毕,所以要用到静态方法resolve
      finally(callback) {
        return this.then(
          (value) => {
            return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => value);
          },
          (reason) => {
            return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => {
              throw reason;
            });
          }
        );
      }
      // catch
      // 直接调用then方法,然后成功的地方传递undefined,错误的地方传递reason
      catch(failCallback) {
        return this.then(undefined, failCallback);
      }
    }
    
    function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) {
      // 如果等于了,说明返回了自身,报错
      if (promise2 === x) {
        return reject(
          new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>')
        );
      }
      // 判断x是不是其实例对象
      if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
        x.then(
          (value) => resolve(value),
          (reason) => reject(reason)
        );
      } else {
        // 普通值
        resolve(x);
      }
    }
    
    

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          本文标题:Promise手写

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