Handler发消息，最终调用enqueueMessage方法调用MessageQueued对象，MessageQueue的enqueueMessage方法的是做对象锁的同步操作，next方法也是做了对象锁的同步操作，MessageQueue内部有个mMessages（Message）对象，这2个方法都是操作这个msg对象，所以线程是安全，enqueueMessage是负责把消息存在message，next是负责把消息返回给Looper
enqueueMessage方法的部分代码
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w("MessageQueue", e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
next方法的部分代码
next方法：
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (false) Log.v("MessageQueue", "Returning message: " + msg);
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
在Looper的loop方法通过for循环调用MessageQueue的next，获取队列的消息，最终会调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
handler的dispatchMessage会把msg传给handleCallback回调
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
看完源码后，总结下
从handler中获取一个消息对象，把数据封装到消息对象中，通过handler的send…方法把消息push到MessageQueue队列中。
Looper对象会轮询MessageQueue队列，把消息对象取出。
通过dispatchMessage分发给Handler，再回调用Handler实现的handleMessage方法处理消息
Handler的实现中适及以下对象：
1、Handler本身：负责消息的发送和处理
2、Message：消息对象
3、MessageQueue：消息队列（用于存放消息对象的数据结构）
4、Looper：消息队列的处理者（用于轮询消息队列的消息对象，取出后回调handler的dispatchMessage进行消息的分发，dispatchMessage方法会回调handleMessage方法把消息传入，由Handler的实现类来处理）
Message对象的内部实现是链表，最大长度是50，用于缓存消息对象，达到重复利用消息对象的目的，以减少消息对象的创建，所以通常我们要使用obtainMessage方法来获取消息对象
安全：
Handler的消息处理机制是线程安全的
关系:
创建Handler时会创建Looper，Looper对象的创建又创建了MessageQueue
Looper实现原理分析
内部用ThreadLocal维持不同线程的Looper对象
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
ThreadLocal原理分析
ThreadLocal类用来提供线程内部的局部变量。这些变量在多线程环境下访问(通过get或set方法访问)时能保证各个线程里的变量相对独立于其他线程内的变量，ThreadLocal实例通常来说都是private static类型。
总结：ThreadLocal不是为了解决多线程访问共享变量，而是为每个线程创建一个单独的变量副本，提供了保持对象的方法和避免参数传递的复杂性
ThreadLocal类中有一个静态内部类ThreadLocalMap(其类似于Map)，用键值对的形式存储每一个线程的变量副本，ThreadLocalMap中元素的key为当前ThreadLocal对象，而value对应线程的变量副本，每个线程可能存在多个ThreadLocal
引用链接
https://blog.csdn.net/blackzhangwei/article/details/51945516
https://blog.csdn.net/lhqj1992/article/details/52451136
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