写 python 可以随心所欲,被 c , c++, java 折磨过几个世纪的痛苦瞬间释放,但 python 表示“请用PEP 8”。
8 号 Python 增强提案又叫 PEP 8 ,它是针对 Python 代码格式而编订的风格指南,规定了最佳代码风格指南,统一的规则有利于易读,协作。以下是对重要规则的部分提取,全部内容请参考上述链接。
空格
- 使用空格代替缩进,不要用tab
- 每层缩进用 4 个空格
- 每行字符数不超过 79
- 多行表达式,首行 4 个空格,各行 8 个空格
- 函数与类用两个空行隔开
- 类中各方法用空行隔开
- 赋值等号要用空格
a = "bcde"
缩进演示:
# Aligned with opening delimiter.
foo = long_function_name(var_one, var_two,
var_three, var_four)
# Add 4 spaces (an extra level of indentation) to distinguish arguments from the rest.
def long_function_name(
var_one, var_two, var_three,
var_four):
print(var_one)
# Hanging indents should add a level.
foo = long_function_name(
var_one, var_two,
var_three, var_four)
代码拆分多行:
条件语句 if 的拆分与注释:
# No extra indentation.
if (this_is_one_thing and
that_is_another_thing):
do_something()
# Add a comment, which will provide some distinction in editors
# supporting syntax highlighting.
if (this_is_one_thing and
that_is_another_thing):
# Since both conditions are true, we can frobnicate.
do_something()
# Add some extra indentation on the conditional continuation line.
if (this_is_one_thing
and that_is_another_thing):
do_something()
list与函数多参数:
my_list = [
1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6,
]
result = some_function_that_takes_arguments(
'a', 'b', 'c',
'd', 'e', 'f',
)
代码分行:
with open('/path/to/some/file/you/want/to/read') as file_1, \
open('/path/to/some/file/being/written', 'w') as file_2:
file_2.write(file_1.read())
操作符多行:
# easy to match operators with operands
income = (gross_wages
+ taxable_interest
+ (dividends - qualified_dividends)
- ira_deduction
- student_loan_interest)
(文章来源有霍格沃兹测试学院)
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