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Android6.0后获取App设备唯一标示

Android6.0后获取App设备唯一标示

作者: 似雨似云 | 来源:发表于2019-04-09 01:55 被阅读332次

Android6.0后获取App设备唯一标示

问题

在用户没有登录的情况下必须确保设备的唯一性,于是惯性思维想到的肯定是使用DevicesId 来作为设备的唯一标识。

但Android6.0后google对权限加以限制和国内rom的不同等原因导致无法一个稳定的唯一标示

常见唯一标示

  • imei

  • Android_id

  • mac地址

  • Installtion ID : UUID

  • Pseudo-Unique ID

IMEI

获取权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
获取方法

TelephonyManager telephonyManager =(TelephonyManager)context.getSystemService(context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String imei = telephonyManager.getDeviceId();

问题:
Android6.0后当无法获取到该权限后,方法直接报错,imei作为唯一标示可靠性太差。

Android_id

获取
String ANDROID_ID = Settings.System.getString(getContentResolver(), Settings.System.ANDROID_ID);
问题:
Android_id是不需要权限,但它跟手机rom和手机厂商有关(Android_id是设备首次运行随机生成的64位数字)有点手机是获取不到,恢复出厂设置时也会改变,可靠性也较差

Mac地址

获取方法

/**
     * Android 6.0 之前(不包括6.0)获取mac地址
     * 必须的权限 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"></uses-permission>
     * @param context * @return
     */
    public static String getMacDefault(Context context) {
        String mac = "";
        if (context == null) {
            return mac;
        }
        WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager)context.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
        WifiInfo info = null;
        try {
            info = wifi.getConnectionInfo();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        if (info == null) {
            return null;
        }
        mac = info.getMacAddress();
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mac)) {
            mac = mac.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
        }
        return mac;
    }

    /**
     * Android 6.0-Android 7.0 获取mac地址
     */
    public static String getMacAddress() {
        String macSerial = null;
        String str = "";

        try {
            Process pp = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cat/sys/class/net/wlan0/address");
            InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(pp.getInputStream());
            LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir);

            while (null != str) {
                str = input.readLine();
                if (str != null) {
                    macSerial = str.trim();//去空格
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // 赋予默认值
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

        return macSerial;
    }


    /**
     * 通过网络接口取
     * @return
     */
    private static String getNewMac() {
        try {
            List<NetworkInterface> all = Collections.list(NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces());
            for (NetworkInterface nif : all) {
                if (!nif.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("wlan0")) continue;

                byte[] macBytes = nif.getHardwareAddress();
                if (macBytes == null) {
                    return null;
                }

                StringBuilder res1 = new StringBuilder();
                for (byte b : macBytes) {
                    res1.append(String.format("%02X:", b));
                }

                if (res1.length() > 0) {
                    res1.deleteCharAt(res1.length() - 1);
                }
                return res1.toString();
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    /**
     * 获取mac地址(适配所有Android版本)
     * @return
     */
    public static String  getMac( Context context) {
        String mac = "";
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            mac = getMacDefault(context);
        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            mac = getMacAddress();
        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            mac = getNewMac();
        }
        return mac;
    }

问题:
手机必须具有上网功能,使用场景有局限性

Installtion ID : UUID

这种方式的原理是在程序安装后第一次运行时生成一个ID,该方式和设备唯一标识不一样,不同的应用程序会产生不同的ID,同一个程序重新安装也会不同。所以这不是设备的唯一ID,但是可以保证每个用户的ID是不同的。可以说是用来标识每一份应用程序的唯一ID(即Installtion ID),可以用来跟踪应用的安装数量等。
获取方法

public class Installation {
    private static String sID = null;
    private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION";
 
    public synchronized static String id(Context context) {
        if (sID == null) {  
            File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION);
            try {
                if (!installation.exists())
                    writeInstallationFile(installation);
                sID = readInstallationFile(installation);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        return sID;
    }
 
    private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {
        RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r");
        byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];
        f.readFully(bytes);
        f.close();
        return new String(bytes);
    }
 
    private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation);
        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        out.write(id.getBytes());
        out.close();
    }
}

问题:
无法唯一的标示,多次安装多次不同

Pseudo-Unique ID

    /**
     * Return pseudo unique ID
     *
     * @return ID
     */
    public static String getUniquePsuedoDeviceID() {
        // If all else fails, if the user does have lower than API 9 (lower
        // than Gingerbread), has reset their device or 'Secure.ANDROID_ID'
        // returns 'null', then simply the ID returned will be solely based
        // off their Android device information. This is where the collisions
        // can happen.
        // Thanks http://www.pocketmagic.net/?p=1662!
        // Try not to use DISPLAY, HOST or ID - these items could change.
        // If there are collisions, there will be overlapping data
        String m_szDevIDShort = "35" +
                (Build.BOARD.length() % 10) +
                (Build.BRAND.length() % 10) +
                (Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10) +
                (Build.DEVICE.length() % 10) +
                (Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10) +
                (Build.MODEL.length() % 10) +
                (Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10);
//        Log.i("", "getUniquePsuedoDeviceID: "+m_szDevIDShort);
        // Only devices with API >= 9 have android.os.Build.SERIAL
        String serial = null;
        try {
            serial = Build.class.getField("SERIAL").get(null).toString();

            // Go ahead and return the serial for api => 9
            return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString();
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            // String needs to be initialized
            serial = "serial"; // some value
        }

        // Thanks @Joe!
        // http://stackoverflow.com/a/2853253/950427
        // Finally, combine the values we have found by using the UUID class to create a unique identifier
        return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString();
    }

问题:
模拟器和刷机带来的一样的id,但能保证99.5%的成功率

总结

到现在发现没有一个是完全靠谱的方式,那就呵呵。
那就其他人是咋解决的呢?发现无外乎这些方法,那大厂是如何解决的呢?

解决

utdid4all-1.1.5.3_proguard.jar
借助上面阿里的jar

UTDevice.getUtdid(AppApplication.in())

获取一个稳定的id

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