1. 接口
int fcntl(int filedes, int cmd,...)
1.1 锁操作
int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, struct flock *lock)
| No. |
参数 |
含义 |
| 1 |
fd |
文件描述符 |
| 2 |
cmd |
命令。F_GETLK：获取锁；F_SETLK：设置锁；F_SETLKW：设置阻塞锁。 |
| 3 |
struct flock |
锁信息 |
| No. |
参数 |
含义 |
| 1 |
l_type |
F_RDLCK：读取锁(共享锁)；F_WRLCK：写入锁(排斥锁)；F_UNLCK：解锁 |
| 2 |
l_whence |
SEEK_SET：以文件开头为锁定的起始位置；SEEK_CUR：以目前文件读写位置为锁定的起始位置；SEEK_END：以文件结尾为锁定的起始位置 |
| 3 |
l_start |
相对l_whence位置的偏移量 |
| 4 |
l_len |
锁定区域的长度。0表示到整个文件的结束 |
| 5 |
l_pid |
当前占用锁的PID，只对F_GETLK命令有效 |
| No. |
返回值 |
含义 |
| 1 |
-1 |
失败 |
| 2 |
0 |
SET相关命令成功 |
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(2!=argc){
printf("usage:%s <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);
if(-1 == fd){
perror("open error");
return 1;
}
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
lock.l_start = 0;
lock.l_len = 0;
if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&lock)){
perror("fcntl error");
return 1;
}
pause();
close(fd);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(2!=argc){
printf("usage:%s <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
if(-1 == fd){
perror("open error");
return 1;
}
struct flock lock;
bzero(&lock,sizeof(lock));
if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_GETLK,&lock)){
perror("fcntl error");
return 1;
}
printf("file:%s,lock type:%d,start:%d,len:%d,by %d\n",argv[1],lock.l_type,lock.l_start,lock.l_len,lock.l_pid);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int fd;
void handler(int sig){
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
lock.l_start = 0;
lock.l_len = 0;
if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
perror("fcntl error");
exit(1);
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
signal(SIGUSR1,handler);
int c,start = 0,len = 0;
while((c = getopt(argc,argv,"s:l:"))!=-1){
switch(c){
case 's':
start = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'l':
len = atoi(optarg);
break;
}
}
if(optind != argc -1){
printf("usage:%s [-s <start>] [-l <len>] <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
fd = open(argv[optind],O_WRONLY);
if(-1 == fd){
perror("open error");
return 1;
}
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
lock.l_start = start;
lock.l_len = len;
if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
perror("fcntl error");
return 1;
}
pause();
for(;;);
close(fd);
}
// 本程序不能解锁，因为只有加锁进程才能执行解锁操作
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(2!=argc){
printf("usage:%s <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int fd = open(argv[1],O_WRONLY);
if(-1 == fd){
perror("open error");
return 1;
}
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
lock.l_start = 0;
lock.l_len = 0;
if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
perror("fcntl error");
return 1;
}
pause();
close(fd);
}
1.2 死锁
交通堵塞
死锁
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void lock(const char* pathname){
int fd = open(pathname,O_WRONLY);
if(-1 == fd){
perror("open error");
exit(1);
}
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
lock.l_start = 0;
lock.l_len = 0;
if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
perror("fcntl error");
exit(1);
}
//close(fd);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(3!=argc){
printf("usage:%s <pathname1> <pathname2>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
printf("PID:%d lock file %s\n",getpid(),argv[1]);
lock(argv[1]);
printf("sleep 1s\n");
sleep(1);
printf("PID:%d lock file %s\n",getpid(),argv[2]);
lock(argv[2]);
pause();
}
1.3 记录锁
- 作用：文件读与写的同步
- 本质：当一个进程正在读或修改文件的某个部分时，阻止其他进程修改同一文件区。
1.2.1 分类
- 访问操作
写入锁(排他锁)/读取锁(共享锁)
- 加锁区域
文件锁(整个文件上锁)/记录锁(文件部分内容上锁)
1.2.2 操作
1.2.2.1 获取
fcntl(fd,F_GETLK)
1.2.2.2 设置
fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,arg)
fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,arg)
辅助函数
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
if(4 != argc){
printf("usage:%s <pathname> <off> <content>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
if(-1 == fd){
return 1;
}
off_t off = lseek(fd,atoi(argv[2]),SEEK_SET);
if(-1 == off){
return 1;
}
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(fd,&stat_buf);
size_t save_size = stat_buf.st_size - off;
//char buf[save_size];
char *buf = malloc(save_size);
if(-1 == read(fd,buf,save_size)){
return 1;
}
off = lseek(fd,atoi(argv[2]),SEEK_SET);
if(-1 == off){
return 1;
}
if(-1 == write(fd,argv[3],strlen(argv[3]))){
return 1;
}
if(-1 == write(fd,buf,save_size)){
return 1;
}
free(buf);
buf = NULL;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
if(4 != argc){
printf("usage:%s <pathname> <off> <len>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);
if(-1 == fd){
return 1;
}
off_t off = lseek(fd,atoi(argv[2]),SEEK_SET);
if(-1 == off){
return 1;
}
size_t len = atoi(argv[3]);
char buf[len+1];
bzero(buf,len+1);
if(-1 == read(fd,buf,len)){
return 1;
}
printf("%s\n",buf);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
if(4 != argc){
printf("usage:%s <pathname> <off> <content>\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
int fd = open(argv[1],O_WRONLY);
if(-1 == fd){
return 1;
}
off_t off = lseek(fd,atoi(argv[2]),SEEK_SET);
if(-1 == off){
return 1;
}
if(-1 == write(fd,argv[3],strlen(argv[3]))){
return 1;
}
}
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