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Selenium基本使用

Selenium基本使用

作者: xin激流勇进 | 来源:发表于2018-07-08 15:48 被阅读0次

    Selenium

    基本使用

    from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
    input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
    input.send_keys('Python')
    input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'content_left')))
    print(browser.current_url)
    print(browser.get_cookies())
    print(browser.page_source)
finally:
    browser.close()

    声明浏览器对象

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser = webdriver.Edge()
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser = webdriver.Safari()

    访问页面

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()

    查找元素

    单个元素

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input_first = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#q')
input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]')
print(input_first, input_second, input_third)
browser.close()

    <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="5e53d9e1c8646e44c14c1c2880d424af", element="0.5649563096161541-1")> <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="5e53d9e1c8646e44c14c1c2880d424af", element="0.5649563096161541-1")> <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="5e53d9e1c8646e44c14c1c2880d424af", element="0.5649563096161541-1")>
    • find_element_by_name
    • find_element_by_xpath
    • find_element_by_link_text
    • find_element_by_partial_link_text
    • find_element_by_tag_name
    • find_element_by_class_name
    • find_element_by_css_selector
    from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input_first = browser.find_element(By.ID, 'q')
print(input_first)
browser.close()

    <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="1f209c0d11551c40d9d20ad964fef244", element="0.07914603542731591-1")>

    多个元素

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
lis = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.service-bd li')
print(lis)
browser.close()

    from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
lis = browser.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.service-bd li')
print(lis)
browser.close()
    • find_elements_by_name
    • find_elements_by_xpath
    • find_elements_by_link_text
    • find_elements_by_partial_link_text
    • find_elements_by_tag_name
    • find_elements_by_class_name
    • find_elements_by_css_selector

    元素交互操作

    对获取的元素调用交互方法

    from selenium import webdriver
import time

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
input.send_keys('iPhone')
time.sleep(1)
input.clear()
input.send_keys('iPad')
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')
button.click()

    更多操作: http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement

    交互动作

    将动作附加到动作链中串行执行

    from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')
target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#droppable')
actions = ActionChains(browser)
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target)
actions.perform()

    更多操作: http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains

    执行JavaScript

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
browser.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
browser.execute_script('alert("To Bottom")')

    获取元素信息

    获取属性

    from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
logo = browser.find_element_by_id('zh-top-link-logo')
print(logo)
print(logo.get_attribute('class'))

    <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="e08c0f28d7f44d75ccd50df6bb676104", element="0.7236390660048155-1")>
zu-top-link-logo

    获取文本值

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input.text)

    提问

    获取ID、位置、标签名、大小

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input.id)
print(input.location)
print(input.tag_name)
print(input.size)

    0.6822924344980397-1
{'y': 7, 'x': 774}
button
{'height': 32, 'width': 66}

    Frame

    import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')
print(source)
try:
    logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
except NoSuchElementException:
    print('NO LOGO')
browser.switch_to.parent_frame()
logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
print(logo)
print(logo.text)

    <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="4bb8ac03ced4ecbdefef03ffdc0e4ccd", element="0.44746093888932004-1")>
NO LOGO
<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="4bb8ac03ced4ecbdefef03ffdc0e4ccd", element="0.13792611320464965-2")>
RUNOOB.COM

    等待

    隐式等待

    当使用了隐式等待执行测试的时候，如果 WebDriver没有在 DOM中找到元素，将继续等待，超出设定时间后则抛出找不到元素的异常, 换句话说，当查找元素或元素并没有立即出现的时候，隐式等待将等待一段时间再查找 DOM，默认的时间是0

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input)

    <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="b29214772d59e912f1ac52e96ed29abe", element="0.12886805191194894-1")>

    显式等待

    from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
input = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'q')))
button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.btn-search')))
print(input, button)

    <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="07dd2fbc2d5b1ce40e82b9754aba8fa8", element="0.5642646294074107-1")> <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="07dd2fbc2d5b1ce40e82b9754aba8fa8", element="0.5642646294074107-2")>
    • title_is 标题是某内容
    • title_contains 标题包含某内容
    • presence_of_element_located 元素加载出，传入定位元组，如(By.ID, 'p')
    • visibility_of_element_located 元素可见，传入定位元组
    • visibility_of 可见，传入元素对象
    • presence_of_all_elements_located 所有元素加载出
    • text_to_be_present_in_element 某个元素文本包含某文字
    • text_to_be_present_in_element_value 某个元素值包含某文字
    • frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it frame加载并切换
    • invisibility_of_element_located 元素不可见
    • element_to_be_clickable 元素可点击
    • staleness_of 判断一个元素是否仍在DOM，可判断页面是否已经刷新
    • element_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传元素对象
    • element_located_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传入定位元组
    • element_selection_state_to_be 传入元素对象以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
    • element_located_selection_state_to_be 传入定位元组以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
    • alert_is_present 是否出现Alert

    详细内容：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions

    前进后退

    import time
from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
browser.get('https://www.python.org/')
browser.back()
time.sleep(1)
browser.forward()
browser.close()

    Cookies

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({'name': 'name', 'domain': 'www.zhihu.com', 'value': 'germey'})
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.delete_all_cookies()
print(browser.get_cookies())

    选项卡管理

    import time
from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
print(browser.window_handles)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(1)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('https://python.org')

    ['CDwindow-4f58e3a7-7167-4587-bedf-9cd8c867f435', 'CDwindow-6e05f076-6d77-453a-a36c-32baacc447df']

    异常处理

    from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.find_element_by_id('hello')

    from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
except TimeoutException:
    print('Time Out')
try:
    browser.find_element_by_id('hello')
except NoSuchElementException:
    print('No Element')
finally:
    browser.close()

    No Element

    详细文档：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.common.exceptions

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