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MySQL ( MGR ) 05-Xtrabackup 安裝、備

MySQL ( MGR ) 05-Xtrabackup 安裝、備

作者: 轻飘飘D | 来源:发表于2021-02-05 00:15 被阅读0次
    1. 下载安装xtrabackup
    [root@xag200 src]# pwd
    /usr/local/src
    
    [root@xag200 src]# wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.21/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.21-r5988af5-el7-x86_64-bundle.tar
    
    [root@xag200 src]# tar xf Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.21-r5988af5-el7-x86_64-bundle.tar
    
    [root@xag200 src]# yum install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
    
    [root@xag200 src]# which xtrabackup
    /usr/bin/xtrabackup
    [root@xag200 src]# 
    [root@xag200 src]# innobackupex -v
    xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --open_files_limit=65535 --log_bin=/usr/local/mysql/binlog/binlog --server-id=200 --innodb_buffer_pool_size=2048M --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:512M:autoextend --innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 --innodb_log_buffer_size=16M --innodb_log_file_size=128M --innodb_log_files_in_group=3 --innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=90 --innodb_file_per_table=1 --innodb_undo_directory=/usr/local/mysql/undo --innodb_undo_tablespaces=4 --tmpdir=/usr/local/mysql/tmp --innodb_log_group_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/redo 
    innobackupex version 2.4.21 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 5988af5)
    
    
    1. 創建測試數據
    create database testdb default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_general_ci;
    
    SQL->
    CREATE TABLE t1(Id int(11) NOT NULL,TestName varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',PRIMARY KEY (Id)) ENGINE=InnoDB;
    
    SQL->
    insert into t1 values(1,'a');
    insert into t1 values(2,'b');
    insert into t1 values(3,'c');
    commit;
    
    root@127.0.0.1:testdb [04:45:36] 10 SQL->select * from t1;
    +----+----------+
    | Id | TestName |
    +----+----------+
    |  1 | a        |
    |  2 | b        |
    |  3 | c        |
    +----+----------+
    
    
    1. xtrabackup 全量备份
    #创建用于备份恢复的用户 pxb 并赋予权限
    mysql> create user pxb@'localhost' identified by '123456';
    mysql> grant reload,process,lock tables,replication client on *.* to pxb@localhost;
    
    #创建存放目录
    [root@xag200 local]# mkdir -pv /data/pxb
    mkdir: created directory ‘/data’
    mkdir: created directory ‘/data/pxb’
    
    #进行数据库全备
    --no-lock:该选项表示关闭FTWRL的表锁,只有在所有表都是Innodb表并且不关心backup的binlog pos点,
    如果有任何DDL语句正在执行或者非InnoDB正在更新时(包括mysql库下的表),都不应该使用这个选项,
    后果是导致备份数据不一致,如果考虑备份因为获得锁失败,可以考虑--safe-slave-backup立刻停止复制线程。
    [root@xag200 local]# cd /data/pxb
    [root@xag200 pxb]# 
    innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=pxb --password=123456 --socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.socket  /data/pxb
    
    [root@xag200 pxb]# ls
    2021-01-31_21-15-49
    
    [root@xag200 pxb]# ll 2021-01-31_21-15-49/
    total 565300
    -rw-r----- 1 root root       510 Jan 31 21:15 backup-my.cnf
    -rw-r----- 1 root root       327 Jan 31 21:15 ib_buffer_pool
    -rw-r----- 1 root root 536870912 Jan 31 21:15 ibdata1
    drwxr-x--- 2 root root      4096 Jan 31 21:15 mysql
    drwxr-x--- 2 root root      8192 Jan 31 21:15 performance_schema
    drwxr-x--- 2 root root      8192 Jan 31 21:15 sys
    drwxr-x--- 2 root root        48 Jan 31 21:15 testdb
    -rw-r----- 1 root root  10485760 Jan 31 21:15 undo001
    -rw-r----- 1 root root  10485760 Jan 31 21:15 undo002
    -rw-r----- 1 root root  10485760 Jan 31 21:15 undo003
    -rw-r----- 1 root root  10485760 Jan 31 21:15 undo004
    -rw-r----- 1 root root        18 Jan 31 21:15 xtrabackup_binlog_info
    -rw-r----- 1 root root       135 Jan 31 21:15 xtrabackup_checkpoints
    -rw-r----- 1 root root       534 Jan 31 21:15 xtrabackup_info
    -rw-r----- 1 root root      2560 Jan 31 21:15 xtrabackup_logfile
    
    #其中,mysql/、 performance_schema/、 sys/ 、test/  下存放的是数据库文件。
    #backup-my.cnf,备份命令用到的配置选项信息;
    #ib_buffer_pool, buffer pool 中的热数据,当设置 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown=1 ,
    #在关闭 MySQL 时,会把内存中的热数据保存在磁盘里 ib_buffer_pool 文件中,位于数据目录下。
    #ibdata1,备份的共享表空间文件;
    #xtrabackup_logfile,备份的重做日志文件。
    
    [root@xag200 pxb]# cd 2021-01-31_21-15-49/
    
    [root@xag200 2021-01-31_21-15-49]# cat backup-my.cnf
    # This MySQL options file was generated by innobackupex.
    
    # The MySQL server
    [mysqld]
    innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32
    innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=strict_crc32
    innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:512M:autoextend
    innodb_log_files_in_group=3
    innodb_log_file_size=134217728
    innodb_fast_checksum=false
    innodb_page_size=16384
    innodb_log_block_size=512
    innodb_undo_directory=/usr/local/mysql/undo
    innodb_undo_tablespaces=4
    server_id=200
    redo_log_version=1
    server_uuid=09808e50-616c-11eb-b3c4-000c299e2e81
    master_key_id=0
    
    #xtrabackup_binlog_info,mysql服务器当前正在使用的二进制日志文件及至备份这一刻为止二进制日志事件的位置;
    [root@xag200 2021-01-31_21-15-49]#  cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
    binlog.000015   640
    
    #xtrabackup_checkpoints,备份类型(如完全或增量)、备份状态(如是否已经为prepared状态)和LSN(日志序列号)范围信息;
    [root@xag200 2021-01-31_21-15-49]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
    backup_type = full-backuped
    from_lsn = 0
    to_lsn = 2669942
    last_lsn = 2669951
    compact = 0
    recover_binlog_info = 0
    flushed_lsn = 2669951
    
    #xtrabackup_info,记录备份的基本信息,uuid、备份命令、备份时间、binlog、LSN、以及其他加密压缩等信息。
    [root@xag200 2021-01-31_21-15-49]# cat xtrabackup_info
    uuid = 71973b2c-63c6-11eb-938e-000c299e2e81
    name = 
    tool_name = innobackupex
    tool_command = --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=pxb --password=... --socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.socket /data/pxb
    tool_version = 2.4.21
    ibbackup_version = 2.4.21
    server_version = 5.7.33-log
    start_time = 2021-01-31 21:15:49
    end_time = 2021-01-31 21:15:52
    lock_time = 0
    binlog_pos = filename 'binlog.000015', position '640'
    innodb_from_lsn = 0
    innodb_to_lsn = 2669942
    partial = N
    incremental = N
    format = file
    compact = N
    compressed = N
    encrypted = N
    
    
    1. 全量恢復
    root@127.0.0.1:testdb [09:24:43] 5 SQL->select * from t1;
    +----+----------+
    | Id | TestName |
    +----+----------+
    |  1 | a        |
    |  2 | b        |
    |  3 | c        |
    +----+----------+
    
    root@127.0.0.1:testdb [09:24:46] 6 SQL->delete from t1 where id=2;
    
    root@127.0.0.1:testdb [09:25:18] 2 SQL->select * from t1;
    +----+----------+
    | Id | TestName |
    +----+----------+
    |  1 | a        |
    |  3 | c        |
    +----+----------+
    
    ###恢复数据之前需要保证数据目录是空的状态
    #关闭数据库并删除数据文件
    [root@xag200 /]# service mysqld stop
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    [root@xag200 /]# cd /usr/local/mysql
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mv data/ data_bak/
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mkdir data
    
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mv undo/ undo_bak/
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mkdir undo
    
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mv redo/ redo_bak/
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mkdir redo
    
    
    #通過備份還原被刪除的數據(id=2)
    #准备(prepare)一个完全备份: --apply-log ( /data/pxb/2021-01-31_21-15-49/ 为备份目录,
    #执行之后 xtrabackup_checkpoints 文件中的 backup_type = full-prepared )
    [root@xag200 pxb]# innobackupex --apply-log /data/pxb/2021-01-31_21-15-49/
    
    #执行恢复操作
    [root@xag200 pxb]# innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back --rsync /data/pxb/2021-01-31_21-15-49/
    
    #更改 data/ 等 目录权限并启动mysql:
    [root@MYSQL ~]# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
    
    [root@xag200 mysql]# service mysqld start
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
    
    1. 檢查恢復情況
    root@localhost : test【04:45:38】2 SQL->select * from t1;
    +----+----------+
    | Id | TestName |
    +----+----------+
    |  1 | a        |
    |  2 | b        |
    |  3 | c        |
    +----+----------+
    
    
    1. 增量備份及恢復
    #创建增量備份存放目录
    [root@xag200 pxb]# mkdir -pv /data/pxb/inc
    
    #我们以之前做的全备为基准,在其基础上做增量备份:
    #新建一张表,并插入数据作为增量
    root@localhost : test【05:03:26】4 SQL->insert into t2 values (1,'aaa'),(2,'bbb'),(3,'ccc'),(26,'zzz');
    commit;
    
    root@localhost : test【05:04:41】7 SQL->select * from t2;
    +------+------+
    | id   | name |
    +------+------+
    |    1 | aaa  |
    |    2 | bbb  |
    |    3 | ccc  |
    |   26 | zzz  |
    +------+------+
    
    

    6.1. 增量备份1:( 以全备为基准:/data/pxb/2019-03-26_16-18-18/ )

    [root@xag200 pxb]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=pxb --password=123456 --socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --incremental /data/pxb/inc --incremental-basedir=/data/pxb/2019-03-26_16-18-18/ --parallel=2
    
    [root@xag200 pxb]# ls
    2019-03-26_15-59-08  2019-03-26_16-18-18  inc
    [root@xag200 pxb]# cd inc
    [root@xag200 inc]# ls
    2019-03-26_17-08-01
    [root@xag200 inc]# cd 2019-03-26_17-08-01/
    
    [root@xag200 2019-03-26_17-08-01]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
    backup_type = incremental
    from_lsn = 2564162
    to_lsn = 2572324
    last_lsn = 2572333
    compact = 0
    recover_binlog_info = 0
    

    6.2. 再往 tb2 里插入数据:

    root@localhost : test【05:10:42】9 SQL->insert into t2 values (201,'aaa'),(202,'bbb'),(203,'ccc'),(226,'zzz');
    root@localhost : test【05:10:49】10 SQL->commit;
    
    root@localhost : test【05:10:51】11 SQL->select * from t2;
    +------+------+
    | id   | name |
    +------+------+
    |    1 | aaa  |
    |    2 | bbb  |
    |    3 | ccc  |
    |   26 | zzz  |
    |  201 | aaa  |
    |  202 | bbb  |
    |  203 | ccc  |
    |  226 | zzz  |
    +------+------+
    

    6.3. 增量备份2:( 以增量1为基准:/data/pxb/inc/2019-03-26_17-08-01/ )

    [root@xag200 inc]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=pxb --password=123456 --socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --incremental /data/pxb/inc --incremental-basedir=/data/pxb/inc/2019-03-26_17-08-01/ --parallel=2
    
    [root@xag200 inc]# ll
    total 0
    drwxr-x--- 6 root root 261 Mar 26 17:08 2019-03-26_17-08-01
    drwxr-x--- 6 root root 261 Mar 26 17:15 2019-03-26_17-15-26
    [root@xag200 inc]# cd 2019-03-26_17-15-26/
    [root@xag200 2019-03-26_17-15-26]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints 
    backup_type = incremental
    from_lsn = 2572324
    to_lsn = 2575129
    last_lsn = 2575138
    compact = 0
    recover_binlog_info = 0
    

    7.1. 增量备份的恢复之準備

    #增量备份的恢复需要有3个步骤
    1、恢复完全备份
    2、恢复增量备份到完全备份(开始恢复的增量备份要添加--redo-only参数,到最后一次增量备份要去掉--redo-only)
    3、对整体的完全备份进行恢复,回滚未提交的数据
    
    ##准备一个全备##
    [root@xag200 pxb]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/pxb/2019-03-26_16-18-18/
    
     ##将增量1应用到完全备份##
    [root@xag200 pxb]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/pxb/2019-03-26_16-18-18/ --incremental-dir=/data/pxb/inc/2019-03-26_17-08-01/
    
     ##将增量2应用到完全备份,注意不加 --redo-only 参数了##
    [root@xag200 pxb]# innobackupex --apply-log /data/pxb/2019-03-26_16-18-18/ --incremental-dir=/data/pxb/inc/2019-03-26_17-15-26/
    
     ##把所有合在一起的完全备份整体进行一次apply操作,回滚未提交的数据##
    [root@xag200 pxb]# innobackupex --apply-log /data/pxb/2019-03-26_16-18-18/
    
    

    7.2. 增量备份恢復之测试

    root@localhost : test【05:11:25】12 SQL->drop table t2;
    
    ###恢复数据之前需要保证数据目录是空的状态
    #关闭数据库并删除数据文件
    [root@xag200 /]# service mysqld stop
    
    [root@xag200 /]# cd /usr/local/mysql
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mv data/ data_bak2/
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mkdir data
    
    #執行恢復操作
    [root@xag200 mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back --rsync /data/pxb/2019-03-26_16-18-18/
    
    #更改 data/ 目录权限并启动mysql:
    [root@MYSQL ~]# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
    [root@xag200 mysql]# service mysqld start
    
    [root@xag200 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456
    
    root@localhost : (none)【05:52:52】1 SQL->use test
    
    root@localhost : test【05:52:57】2 SQL->select * from t2;
    +------+------+
    | id   | name |
    +------+------+
    |    1 | aaa  |
    |    2 | bbb  |
    |    3 | ccc  |
    |   26 | zzz  |
    |  201 | aaa  |
    |  202 | bbb  |
    |  203 | ccc  |
    |  226 | zzz  |
    +------+------+
    8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    
    

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