第四周
1、统计出/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户个数，并将用户都显示出来
2、查出用户UID最大值的用户名、UID及shell类型
3、统计当前连接本机的每个远程主机IP的连接数，并按从大到小排序
4、编写脚本 createuser.sh，实现如下功能:使用一个用户名做为参数，如果 指定参数的用户存在，就显示其存在，否则添加之;显示添加的用户的id号等 信息
5、编写生成脚本基本格式的脚本，包括作者，联系方式，版本，时间，描述等
1、统计出/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户个数，并将用户都显示出来
grep -ve '/sbin/nologin$' /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f1,7
2.查出用户UID最大值的用户名、UID及shell类型
cut -d: -f1,3,7 /etc/passwd|sort -rn -t: -k2|sed -n '1p'
nobody:65534:/sbin/nologin
3.统计当前连接本机的每个远程主机IP的连接数，并按从大到小排序
~]# ss -nt|tail -n +2|tr -s ' ' ':'|cut -d: -f6|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
2 111.201.246.27
1 169.254.0.55
4.编写脚本 createuser.sh，实现如下功能:使用一个用户名做为参数，如果 指定参数的用户存在，就显示其存在，否则添加之;显示添加的用户的id号等 信息
cat > createuser.sh <<EOF
#!/usr/bin/bash
read -p "please input USERNAME: " NAME
[ -z $NAME ] && echo "You must input 1arg for USERNAME" && exit 1
id $NAME &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "user $NAME is existed"
else
useradd $NAME &>/dev/null && id $NAME
fi
EOF
5、编写生成脚本基本格式的脚本，包括作者，联系方式，版本，时间，描述等
~]# cat .vimrc
set cul
set ai
set nu
autocmd BufNewFile *.sh exec ":call SetTitle()"
func SetTitle()
if expand("%:e") == 'sh'
call setline(1,"#!/bin/bash")
call setline(2,"#")
call setline(3,"#***********************************************************")
call setline(4,"#Author: wangxingwei")
call setline(5,"#mail: 2320036424@qq.com")
call setline(6,"#Date ".strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
call setline(7,"#FileName: ".expand("%"))
call setline(8,"#URL: http://www.wangxingwei.top")
call setline(9,"#Description: The test scripts")
call setline(10,"#Copyright (c): ".strftime("%Y")." All rights reserved")
call setline(11,"#***********************************************************")
call setline(12,"")
endif
endfunc
autocmd BufNewFile * normal G
第五周
1、查找/etc目录下大于1M且类型为普通文件的所有文件
2、打包/etc/目录下面所有conf结尾的文件，压缩包名称为当天的时间，并拷贝到/usr/local/src目录备份。
3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址
4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符
5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名
1、查找/etc目录下大于1M且类型为普通文件的所有文件
~]# find /etc \( -type f -a -size +1M \) -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8.2M Apr 24 2020 /etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.31
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 8.8M Oct 7 12:05 /etc/udev/hwdb.bin
2.打包/etc/目录下面所有conf结尾的文件，压缩包名称为当天的时间，并拷贝到/usr/local/src目录备份。
find /etc -name "*.conf" |xargs tar -czvf `date +%F`.gz && cp -a `date +%F`.gz /usr/local/src/
3.利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址
~]# ifconfig eth0|sed -rn '2s/^[^0-9]+([0-9.]+).*/\1/p'
10.0.80.129
4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符
cp /etc/fstab /data/
data]# sed -ri '/^# +/s/^#[[:space:]]//' fstab
root@test8 data]# cat -A fstab
$
#$
/etc/fstab$
/etc/fstab$
Created by anaconda on Wed Oct 7 11:58:14 2020$
Created by anaconda on Wed Oct 7 11:58:14 2020$
#$
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
#$
After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
units generated from this file.$
units generated from this file.$
#$
UUID=10835820-15f0-46ba-b30e-33b3f1a61cb8 / xfs defaults 0 0$
UUID=1b507443-4301-442d-9a9d-87adde446ccd /boot ext4 defaults 1 2$
UUID=3bfbb7a1-76be-4559-9862-4a5131548f85 /data xfs defaults 0 0$
UUID=aa2bcb41-56be-4d9d-9b60-6600eb8f12c4 swap swap defaults 0 0$
5.处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名
echo '/etc/fstab'|sed -r 's#(^.*)/(.*)#\1#'
echo '/etc/fstab'|sed -r 's#(^.*)/(.*)#\2#'
第六周
1、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源
2、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。
3、创建一个2G的文件系统，块大小为2048byte，预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4，卷标为TEST，要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录，且默认有acl挂载选项
4、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录
1、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源
#reposerver配置
yum -y install httpd
systemctl enable --now httpd
systemctl status httpd
systemctl disable --now firewalld
yum -y install autofs
systemctl enable --now autofs
mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/
#光盘的base源放到自建仓库了
cp -a /misc/cd/* /var/www/html/
[root@reposerver ~]# hostname -I
192.168.0.110
#同步aliyun的仓库数据与元数据
~]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
源标识 源名称 状态
base-aliyun base---aliyun 10,070
extras-aliyun extras---aliyun 413
repolist: 10,483
#准备将aliyun的extras仓库同步到reposerver
centos8 dnf工具集成
dnf reposync --repoid=extras-aliyun --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/centos/7
centos7 以前版本，reposync工具来自于yum-utils包
yum -y install yum-utils
yum -y install createrepo
reposync --repoid=extras-aliyun --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/centos/7
#下载完成后你会发现没有repodata
cd /var/www/html/centos/7/extras-aliyun
extras-aliyun]# createrepo .
就成功生成repodata目录啦
extras-aliyun]# tree -d
.
├── Packages
└── repodata
#repoclient配置
yum.repos.d]# cat local.repo
[base-local]
name=base---local
baseurl=http://192.168.0.110/centos/7/os/x86_64
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
[extras-repo]
name=extras---local
baseurl=http://192.168.0.110/centos/7/extras-aliyun
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
2、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。
src]# ls
httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
root@test8 src]# ls
httpd-2.4.46 httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
root@test8 src]# cd httpd-2.4.46/
httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src --enable-ssl
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
httpd-2.4.46]# yum search apr*
httpd-2.4.46]# yum -y install apr-util-devel.x86_64 apr-util.x86_64
httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src --enable-ssl
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
httpd-2.4.46]# yum search pcre*
httpd-2.4.46]# yum -y install pcre.x86_64 pcre2-devel.x86_64 pcre-devel.x86_64
httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/http24 --enable-ssl
configure: WARNING: OpenSSL version is too old
no
checking whether to enable mod_ssl... configure: error: mod_ssl has been requested but can not be built due to prerequisite failures
httpd-2.4.46]# yum install -y openssl-devel.x86_64
Server Version: 2.4.46
Install prefix: /usr/local/src
C compiler: gcc
CFLAGS: -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
httpd-2.4.46]# make && make install
make[4]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/support'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46'
httpd-2.4.46]# echo $?
0
3、创建一个2G的文件系统，块大小为2048byte，预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4，卷标为TEST，要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录，且默认有acl挂载选项
~]# echo -e "n\np\n1\n\n+2G\nw\n"|fdisk /dev/sdb
#创建ext4文件系统 设置块大小2048 预留管理员空间1%
~]# mkfs.ext4 -m1 -b2048 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
/dev/sdb1 contains a ext4 file system
created on Thu Nov 19 20:26:21 2020
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 1048576 2k blocks and 131072 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a61d4e9c-56a7-48fd-897f-39f0ca2a5908
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
#设置卷标为TEST
~]# tune2fs -L TEST /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
#验证
~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Filesystem volume name: TEST #卷标
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: a61d4e9c-56a7-48fd-897f-39f0ca2a5908
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize metadata_csum
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 131072
Block count: 1048576
Reserved block count: 10485 #预留了1%
Free blocks: 1011035
Free inodes: 131061
First block: 0
Block size: 2048 #果然是2048字节
Fragment size: 2048
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 512
Blocks per group: 16384
Fragments per group: 16384
Inodes per group: 2048
Inode blocks per group: 256
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Thu Nov 19 20:27:35 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Thu Nov 19 20:28:50 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Thu Nov 19 20:27:35 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 1058 kB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 32
Desired extra isize: 32
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: a2e6b435-0fcf-497e-bb7e-61da08147a2a
Journal backup: inode blocks
Checksum type: crc32c
Checksum: 0xb2aef5d6
#开始挂载
#创建挂载目录
~]# mkdir /test
#挂载 并设置具备acl权限
~]# mount -o remount,acl /dev/sdb1 /test
~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="a61d4e9c-56a7-48fd-897f-39f0ca2a5908" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="461250dd-01"
cat >>/etc/fstab <<EOF
UUID=a61d4e9c-56a7-48fd-897f-39f0ca2a5908 /test ext4 defaults 0 0
EOF
4、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录
#创建分区/dev/sdb1 ID为8e逻辑卷LVM分区 19G 和sdc的1G
fdisk /dev/sdb
~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 50G 0 part /data
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 19G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 1G 0 disk
#创建总共20G的pv
~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
root@test8 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 19.00g 19.00g
/dev/sdc lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
root@test8 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "19.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 19.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID PMXohr-Srmd-pFEf-zS0b-qvXy-ekgg-rggCEl
"/dev/sdc" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID BEIxwP-ktC3-DumP-Y2iX-GOpk-yjvy-eOWTws
#创建名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小为16MB
~]# vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <19.97 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1278
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1278 / <19.97 GiB
VG UUID 9DduV6-hgQT-dmkn-utZh-4APf-GHiI-tvN7fb
#创建大小5G的逻辑卷 饼挂载/users目录
~]# lvcreate -n testlv -L +5G testvg
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/testvg/testlv at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/testvg/testlv.
Logical volume "testlv" created.
#格式化 创建xfs文件系统
~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv
meta-data=/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
#挂载
~]# mount /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv /user
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