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Python Pytest文档用例规则

Python Pytest文档用例规则

作者: 白码会说 | 来源:发表于2020-11-23 22:26 被阅读0次

    Time will tell.

    一、用例设计原则

    文件名以test_*.py文件和*_test.py

    • test_开头的函数
    • Test开头的类
    • test_开头的方法
    • 所有的包 pakege 必须要有__init__.py文件

    二、help帮助

    查看 pytest 命令行参数,可以用pytest -hpytest —help查看。

    C:\Users\admin>pytest -h
    usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]
    
    positional arguments:
      file_or_dir
    
    general:
      -k EXPRESSION         only run tests which match the given substring
                            expression. An expression is a python evaluatable
                            expression where all names are substring-matched
                            against test names and their parent classes. Example:
                            -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test
                            functions and classes whose name contains
                            'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not
                            test_method' matches those that don't contain
                            'test_method' in their names. Additionally keywords
                            are matched to classes and functions containing extra
                            names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as
                            functions which have names assigned directly to them.
      -m MARKEXPR           only run tests matching given mark expression.
                            example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.
      --markers             show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).
      -x, --exitfirst       exit instantly on first error or failed test
    
    reporting:
      -v, --verbose         increase verbosity.
      -q, --quiet           decrease verbosity.
      --verbosity=VERBOSE   set verbosity
    
    # 这里是一部分
    
    

    三、按以下目录写用例

        test_class.py
            #  content of  test_class.py  
            class TestClass:
                def test_one(self):
                    x = "this"
                    assert 'h' in x
    
                def test_two(self):
                    x = "hello"
                    assert hasattr(x, 'check')
    
                def test_three(self):
                    a = "hello"
                    b = "hello world"
                    assert a in b
    
        test_sample.py
            #  content of  test_sample.py
            def func(x):
                return x +1
    
            def test_answer():
                assert func(3)==5
    
    

    python -m

    cmd 执行 pytest 用例有三种方法,以下3种方法都可以,一般推荐第一个pytestpy.testpython -m pytest

    如果不带参数,在某个文件夹下执行时,它会查找该文件夹下所有的符合条件的用例(查看用例设计原则)。

    四、执行用例规则

    1.执行某个目录下所有的用例

    pytest 文件名/
    
    

    2.执行某一个py文件下用例

    pytest 脚本名称.py
    
    

    3.-k 按关键字匹配

    pytest -k “MyClass and not method”
    
    

    这将运行包含与给定字符串表达式匹配的名称的测试,其中包括 Python 使用文件名,类名和函数名作为变量的运算符。 上面的例子将运行TestMyClass.test_something但不运行TestMyClass.test_method_simple

    4.按节点运行

    每个收集的测试都分配了一个唯一的 nodeid,它由模块文件名和后跟说明符组成来自参数化的类名,函数名和参数,由 characters 分隔。

    运行.py模块里面的某个函数

    pytest test_mod.py::test_func
    
    

    运行.py模块里面,测试类里面的某个方法

    pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method
    
    

    5.标记表达式

    pytest -m slow
    
    

    将运行用@ pytest.mark.slow装饰器修饰的所有测试。

    6.从包里面运行

    pytest —pyargs pkg.testing
    
    

    这将导入pkg.testing并使用其文件系统位置来查找和运行测试。

    -x 遇到错误时停止测试

    pytest -x test_class.py

    从运行结果可以看出,有3个用例,第2个用例失败就没继续往下执行了。

    ============================= test session starts =============================
    platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0
    rootdir: D:\YOYO, inifile:
    collected 3 items
    
    test_class.py .F
    
    ================================== FAILURES ===================================
    _____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________
    
    self = <YOYO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A29780>
    
        def test_two(self):
            x = "hello"
    >       assert hasattr(x, 'check')
    E       AssertionError: assert False
    E        +  where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')
    
    test_class.py:11: AssertionError
    ===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.05 seconds ======================
    
    

    —maxfail=num

    pytest —maxfail=1

    当用例错误个数达到指定数量时,停止测试。

    ============================= test session starts =============================
    platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0
    rootdir: D:\YOYO, inifile:
    collected 4 items
    
    test_class.py .F
    
    ================================== FAILURES ===================================
    _____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________
    
    self = <YOYO.test_class.TestClass object at 0x0000000003A3D080>
    
        def test_two(self):
            x = "hello"
    >       assert hasattr(x, 'check')
    E       AssertionError: assert False
    E        +  where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')
    
    test_class.py:11: AssertionError
    ===================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.06 seconds ======================
    
    

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    Time will tell.(时间会证明一切)

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