理解AtomicBoolean

作者: 匆匆岁月 | 来源:发表于2018-06-06 23:29 被阅读0次

    这里我们就从AtomicBoolean开始说吧,自己正好也复习一下。对于官方的说明是:

    可以用原子方式更新的 boolean 值。有关原子变量属性的描述,请参阅 java.util.concurrent.atomic
    包规范。AtomicBoolean 可用在应用程序中(如以原子方式更新的标志),但不能用于替换 Boolean。

    换一句话说,Atomic就是原子性的意思,即能够保证在高并发的情况下只有一个线程能够访问这个属性值。(类似我们之前所说的volatile)

    一般情况下,我们使用 AtomicBoolean 高效并发处理 “只初始化一次” 的功能要求:

    private static AtomicBoolean initialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);
    public void init()
    {
       if( initialized.compareAndSet(false, true) )
       {
           // 这里放置初始化代码....
       }
    }
    

    如果没有AtomicBoolean,我们可以使用volatile做如下操作:

    public static volatile initialized = false;
    public void init()
    {
        if( initialized == false ){
            initialized = true;
            // 这里初始化代码....
        }
    }
    

    既然如此神奇,那么我们看看AtomicBoolean的源码时如何实现的,查看源码如下:

    public class AtomicBoolean implements java.io.Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 4654671469794556979L;
        // setup to use Unsafe.compareAndSwapInt for updates
        private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
        private static final long valueOffset;
    
        static {
            try {
                valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (AtomicBoolean.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
            } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
        }
    
        private volatile int value;
    
        /**
         * Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with the given initial value.
         *
         * @param initialValue the initial value
         */
        public AtomicBoolean(boolean initialValue) {
            value = initialValue ? 1 : 0;
        }
    
        /**
         * Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with initial value {@code false}.
         */
        public AtomicBoolean() {
        }
    
        /**
         * Returns the current value.
         *
         * @return the current value
         */
        public final boolean get() {
            return value != 0;
        }
    
        /**
         * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
         * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
         *
         * @param expect the expected value
         * @param update the new value
         * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that
         * the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
         */
        public final boolean compareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) {
            int e = expect ? 1 : 0;
            int u = update ? 1 : 0;
            return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u);
        }
    
        /**
         * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
         * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
         *
         * <p><a href="package-summary.html#weakCompareAndSet">May fail
         * spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees</a>, so is
         * only rarely an appropriate alternative to {@code compareAndSet}.
         *
         * @param expect the expected value
         * @param update the new value
         * @return {@code true} if successful
         */
        public boolean weakCompareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) {
            int e = expect ? 1 : 0;
            int u = update ? 1 : 0;
            return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u);
        }
    
        /**
         * Unconditionally sets to the given value.
         *
         * @param newValue the new value
         */
        public final void set(boolean newValue) {
            value = newValue ? 1 : 0;
        }
    
        /**
         * Eventually sets to the given value.
         *
         * @param newValue the new value
         * @since 1.6
         */
        public final void lazySet(boolean newValue) {
            int v = newValue ? 1 : 0;
            unsafe.putOrderedInt(this, valueOffset, v);
        }
    
        /**
         * Atomically sets to the given value and returns the previous value.
         *
         * @param newValue the new value
         * @return the previous value
         */
        public final boolean getAndSet(boolean newValue) {
            boolean prev;
            do {
                prev = get();
            } while (!compareAndSet(prev, newValue));
            return prev;
        }
    
        /**
         * Returns the String representation of the current value.
         * @return the String representation of the current value
         */
        public String toString() {
            return Boolean.toString(get());
        }
    
    }
    

    你猜的没错,AtomicBoolean就是使用了Volatile属性来完成的。

    Java6以后出现的很多的原子行的类,除了上述我们所说的AtomicBoolean以外,AtomicBoolean家族还是比较强大的,后面我们有时间在一一介绍。包括:

    基本类:
    AtomicInteger、AtomicLong、AtomicBoolean;
    引用类型:
    AtomicReference、AtomicReference的ABA实例、AtomicStampedRerence、AtomicMarkableReference;
    数组类型:
    AtomicIntegerArray、AtomicLongArray、AtomicReferenceArray
    属性原子修改器(Updater):
    AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater、AtomicLongFieldUpdater、AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater

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