新药由何而来？
Q：临床上药物如此之多，如何快速掌握
A：你是如何记住你小学初中高中大学与你关系比较近的朋友的，如果这些人一下子涌入你的眼前，你能马上记住吗？答案可能是很难，药物也是如此，你可以通过每种药物发展的历史，每种药物的出现都是为了解决一个问题，可以按照时间的线索去了解，你就会轻而易举的掌握临床用药的，每一个药物背后都有一段有趣的故事，你会发现自己临床上使用的每一种药物都如此富有感情，使用的时候是不是会更加如鱼得水。
举个例子：
磺胺类药物的诞生
image.png
image.png
[图片上传失败...(image-e68494-1650975733539)]
n November 1932, Domagk’s 6-year-old daughter, Hildegarde, became ill with an infection from the prick of an embroidery needle contaminated with streptococcal bacteria. The infection quickly spread to her
lymph nodes, and blood poisoning became severe. Other doctors recommended amputation of her arm, but even that would not afford a good
chance of survival. Near death and unresponsive to other treatments,
Hildegarde was injected by Domagk himself with a large dose of Prontosil. She made a miraculous recovery.
Domagk的女儿被针刺的链球菌感染，很快蔓延到淋巴结，引起败血症，医生建议截肢，但即使这样，依旧很难生还，最后多马克给其注射了白浪多西盐（磺胺药的前身），女儿毫无意外奇迹生还。
image.png
[图片上传失败...(image-e36f5f-1650975733539)]
In 1936, sulfanilamide was known to have saved the
life of Franklin Roosevelt, Jr., the son of the President of the United
States. And sulfapyridine, in turn, was used to help Winston Churchill
(1874–1965) recover from pneumonia shortly after the Teheran summit.
During World War II, wounded soldiers were treated with sulfanilamide
powder topically before being given sulfadiazine orally. Sulfa drugs, a German invention, fortuitously aided the Allies
一个德国人发明的药不仅救了美国总统罗斯福的儿子，而且是丘吉尔从肺炎中恢复，是不是很有趣呢
Sulfa drugs were successful in treating gangrene,
leprosy, and strep infections. Later they were found to be effective in treating childbed fever and meningitis. However, they have a narrow spectrum
of activities and are effective against only a limited number of diseases.
Furthermore, many bacteria soon developed resistance to sulfa drugs.
(They are used today with limited capacity in some corners of the world.)
An antibacterial with a broad spectrum and high efficiency in killing bacteria with minimal toxic side effects was badly needed. Sulfa drugs would
soon be outshined and mostly replaced by the “wonder drug”—penicillin.
当然
磺胺类药物 - Wikiwand
当然最后还是被青霉素 一代神药所慢慢取代，因为胆红素代谢原因，孕妇和儿童禁用，磺胺类药物经常使用的比如
[图片上传失败...(image-38c45e-1650975733539)]
image.png
[图片上传失败...(image-c96c96-1650975733539)]
青霉素（英語：Penicillin，或音譯盤尼西林）是指分子中含有青霉烷、能破坏细菌的细胞壁并在细菌细胞的繁殖期起杀菌作用的一类抗生素，是由青黴菌中提煉出的抗生素。 青霉素属于β-内酰胺类抗生素（β－lactams），β－内酰胺类抗生素包括青霉素、头孢菌素、碳青霉烯类、单环类、头霉素类等。 青霉素是很常用的抗菌药品
网友评论