第十五章 生成数据
一、安装matplotlib
1、在https://dev.windows.com下载Visual Studio Community,并安装
2、cmd进入命令窗口,输入:pip install matplotlib回车,进入安装
3、验证安装结果
python
>>>import matplotlib
#没报错说明安装成功
二、绘制图表
绘制拆线图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
input_values = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
squares = [1,2,4,9,16]
#根据squeres绘制图形,linewidth线条加粗
plt.plot(input_values,squares,linewidth=5)
#设置标题和标题字号
plt.title("Squares",fontsize=24)
#x,y坐标标签
plt.xlabel('Value')
plt.ylabel('squares of value')
plt.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=14)
#打开matplotlib查看器
plt.show()
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绘制拆散点图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
values = list(range(1,1001))
squares = [x**2 for x in values]
#scatter:绘制点
#s=10:点的大小
#c='red'自定义颜色,c=squeres,cmap=plt.cm.Blues渐变
#edgecolor='none':删除数据点的廓
plt.scatter(values,squares,c=squares, cmap=plt.cm.Blues,edgecolor='none',s=10)
plt.title("Squares",fontsize=24)
plt.xlabel('Value')
plt.ylabel('squares of value')
#axis():指定每个坐标的取值范围,分别x和y坐标最小值和最大值
plt.axis([0,1100,0,1100000])
#savefig():保存图表,第一实参保存路径和文件名,
#第二个实参将图表周围多余的空白区域剪掉,如果要你保留可省略
plt.savefig('squares.png',bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
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随机漫步
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from random import choice
class RandomWalk():
def __init__(self, num_points = 5000):
self.num_points = num_points
self.x_values = [0]
self.y_values = [0]
def fill_walk(self):
while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
x_direction = choice([1,-1])
x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
x_step = x_direction * x_distance
y_direction = choice([1,-1])
y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
y_step = y_direction * y_distance
if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
continue
next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
self.x_values.append(next_x)
self.y_values.append(next_y)
while True:
rw = RandomWalk(5000)
rw.fill_walk()
#设置绘图窗口尺寸
#figure()用于指定图表的宽度、高度(单位英寸)、分辨率和背景色
plt.figure(figsize=(10,6))
num_points = list(range(rw.num_points))
plt.scatter(rw.x_values,rw.y_values,c=num_points,cmap=plt.cm.Blues,s=3)
#使用拆线图绘制
#plt.plot(rw.x_values,rw.y_values,linewidth=5)
#绘制起点和终点
plt.scatter(0,0,c='green',edgecolors='none',s=100)
plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1],rw.y_values[-1],c='red',edgecolors='none',s=100)
#隐藏坐标
plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
plt.show()
#多次绘制
keep_running = input('Make another walk?(y/n):')
if keep_running == 'n':
break
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三、使用Pygal模拟掷骰子
Pygal(可视化包)生成可缩放的矢量图形文件,可在不同尺寸的屏幕上自动缩放图表
from random import randint
import pygal
class Die():
def __init__(self,num_sides = 6):
self.num_sides = 6
def roll(self):
return randint(1,self.num_sides)
die = Die()
results = []
#1000次投掷结果
for roll_num in range(1000):
result = die.roll()
results.append(result)
#分析每个点数出现次数
frequencies = []
for value in range(1,die.num_sides+1):
frequency = results.count(value)
frequencies.append(frequency)
print(frequencies)
#显示直方图
hist = pygal.Bar()
hist.title = 'Result of rolling one D6 1000 times'
hist.x_label = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
hist.x_title = 'result'
hist.y_title = 'Frequency of Result'
hist.add('D6',frequencies)
hist.render_to_file('die.svg')
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