复习英语语法-转述

一、转述

转述是指转述他人的话语。

二、时态变化

我们知道，中文没时态，但英语有时态，转述时对应的时态要需要变化。具体如下：
1.一般现在->一般过去->过去完成

a."I'm really hungry" -> He said that he was really hungry.

b."It snowed a lot in the winter"
->They said that it had snowed a lot in the winter.

2.现在进行->过去进行
"They are working on the top of building."
He said that they were woking on the top of building.

3.现在完成->过去完成
"We have arrived NewYork."
They said that they had arrived NewYork.

4.情态动词也要变成过去式

比如：
can->could
will->would
must->must/had to

"We can sell the vegetables."->She said that they can sell the vagetables.

除了情态动词要变，转述时，代词要需要变换：

类型	形式1	形式2	形式3
主语代词	I->he/she	we->they	you->I/we
宾语代词	me->him/her	us->them	you->me/us
所有代词	my->his/her	our->their	your->my/our
所有代词2		ours->theirs	yours->mine/ours

比如："You sent me a note last week"->She said that I had sent her a note last week.

三、常用的转述动词

1.say 说
She said (that) there was some glue on the T-shirt.（对）
She said to me that there was some glue on the T-shirt.（对）
She said me that there was some glue on the T-shirt.（错）

2.tell 告诉
He told me (that) he would go to the hostipal next week.（对）
He told to me (that) he would go to the hostipal next week.（错）
He told (that) he would go to the hostipal next week.（错）

tell 句式：tell sb (not) to do sth（告诉某人去做某事）， 如：
"Don't come back."
They told me don't come back.（错）
They told me not to come back.（对）

3.ask 请求
“Please phone home, Anna”
Anna's mother asked her to phone home.

4.advice建议
“I think you should learn some English grammar.”
Jack's friend adviced him to learn some English grammar.

参考资料：英语语法APP