image
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
▲封面图来自妹子图（meizitu.com）
Python学习交流群：1004391443，这里有资源共享，技术解答，还有小编从最基础的Python资料到项目实战的学习资料都有整理，希望能帮助你更了解python，学习python。
GitHub 地址:
https://github.com/injetlee/Python/blob/master/%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88/meizitu.py
01 爬虫成果
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1557905550582 ql-align-justify" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">
image
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
当你运行代码后，文件夹就会越来越多，如果爬完的话会有2000多个文件夹，20000多张图片。不过会很耗时间，可以在最后的代码设置爬取页码范围。
02 本文目标
- 熟悉 Requests 库，Beautiful Soup 库
- 熟悉多线程爬取
- 送福利，妹子图
03 网站结构
我们从 http://meizitu.com/a/more_1.html 这个链接进去，界面如下图所示：
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1557905550588 ql-align-justify" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">
image
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
▲图片来自妹子图（meizitu.com）
可以看到是一组一组的套图，点击任何一组图片会进入到详情界面，如下图所示：
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1557905550592 ql-align-justify" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">
image
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image> <tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1557905550595 ql-align-justify" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">
image
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image> <tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1557905550599 ql-align-justify" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">
image
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
▲以上3张图片来自妹子图（meizitu.com）
可以看到图片是依次排开的，一般会有十张左右的图片。
04 实现思路
看了界面的结构，那么我们的思路就有了。
- 构造 url 链接，去请求图一所示的套图列表界面，拿到每一个页面中的套图列表。
- 分别进入每个套图中去，下载相应的图片。
05 代码说明
1. 下载界面的函数,利用 Requests 很方便实现。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">def download_page(url):
'''
用于下载页面
'''
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:61.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/61.0"}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
r.encoding = 'gb2312'
return r.text
</pre>
2. 获取图一所示的所有套图列表，函数中 link 表示套图的链接，text表示套图的名字。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">def get_pic_list(html):
'''
获取每个页面的套图列表,之后循环调用get_pic函数获取图片
'''
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
pic_list = soup.find_all('li', class_='wp-item')
for i in pic_list:
a_tag = i.find('h3', class_='tit').find('a')
link = a_tag.get('href') # 套图链接
text = a_tag.get_text() # 套图名字
get_pic(link, text)
</pre>
3. 传入上一步中获取到的套图链接及套图名字,获取每组套图里面的图片,并保存,我在代码中注释了。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">def get_pic(link, text):
'''
获取当前页面的图片,并保存
'''
html = download_page(link) # 下载界面
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
pic_list = soup.find('div', id="picture").find_all('img') # 找到界面所有图片
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:61.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/61.0"}
create_dir('pic/{}'.format(text))
for i in pic_list:
pic_link = i.get('src') # 拿到图片的具体 url
r = requests.get(pic_link, headers=headers) # 下载图片，之后保存到文件
with open('pic/{}/{}'.format(text, link.split('/')[-1]), 'wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
time.sleep(1)
</pre>
06 完整代码
完整代码如下，包括了创建文件夹，利用多线程爬取，我设置的是5个线程，可以根据自己机器自己来设置一下。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import requests
import os
import time
import threading
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def download_page(url):
'''
用于下载页面
'''
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:61.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/61.0"}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
r.encoding = 'gb2312'
return r.text
def get_pic_list(html):
'''
获取每个页面的套图列表,之后循环调用get_pic函数获取图片
'''
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
pic_list = soup.find_all('li', class_='wp-item')
for i in pic_list:
a_tag = i.find('h3', class_='tit').find('a')
link = a_tag.get('href')
text = a_tag.get_text()
get_pic(link, text)
def get_pic(link, text):
'''
获取当前页面的图片,并保存
'''
html = download_page(link) # 下载界面
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
pic_list = soup.find('div', id="picture").find_all('img') # 找到界面所有图片
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:61.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/61.0"}
create_dir('pic/{}'.format(text))
for i in pic_list:
pic_link = i.get('src') # 拿到图片的具体 url
r = requests.get(pic_link, headers=headers) # 下载图片，之后保存到文件
with open('pic/{}/{}'.format(text, link.split('/')[-1]), 'wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
time.sleep(1) # 休息一下，不要给网站太大压力，避免被封
def create_dir(name):
if not os.path.exists(name):
os.makedirs(name)
def execute(url):
page_html = download_page(url)
get_pic_list(page_html)
def main():
create_dir('pic')
queue = [i for i in range(1, 72)] # 构造 url 链接 页码。
threads = []
while len(queue) > 0:
for thread in threads:
if not thread.is_alive():
threads.remove(thread)
while len(threads) < 5 and len(queue) > 0: # 最大线程数设置为 5
cur_page = queue.pop(0)
url = 'http://meizitu.com/a/more_{}.html'.format(cur_page)
thread = threading.Thread(target=execute, args=(url,))
thread.setDaemon(True)
thread.start()
print('{}正在下载{}页'.format(threading.current_thread().name, cur_page))
threads.append(thread)
if name == 'main':
main()
</pre>
好了，之后运行，我们的爬虫就会孜孜不倦的为我们下载漂亮妹子啦。
网友评论