python3 manage.py makemigrations

1.输入：

python3 manage.py makemigrations

出现的错误：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb'

解决方案：要导入pymysql模块

那么具体在哪里导入呢？如下图：
  在Diango_ORM_Muti文件下的 __init__.py文件里
  写下面代码：
   import pymysql
   pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

导入pymysql模块的位置.png

2.重现输入：python3 manage.py makemigrations

出现错误：

File "～/mysql/base.py", line 36, in <module>
     raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.

解决方案
在base.py文件中，注释点下面的代码

   # if version < (1, 3, 13):
   #     raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

3.重现输入：python3 manage.py makemigrations
出现错误：

   File ".../mysql/operations.py", line 146, in last_executed_query
          query = query.decode(errors='replace')
  AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'

解决方案

   def last_executed_query(self, cursor, sql, params):
       query = getattr(cursor, '_executed', None)
      if query is not None:
        query = query.decode(errors='replace') 修改代码：decode修改成encode
   return query

4.重现输入 :python3 manage.py makemigrations

Migrations for 'app01':
  app01/migrations/0001_initial.py
   - Create model Author
   - Create model Publish
   - Create model Book

5.输入 :python3 manage.py migrate

  Operations to perform:
      Apply all migrations: admin, app01, auth, contenttypes, sessions
  Running migrations:
  .......