As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城区的人们越来越难以接触大自然。如果你幸运的话，住的附近可能有一个口袋公园，但在城市里找到相对荒野的地方是很难的。
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
过去的研究发现，大自然对人类的身心健康有益，但一项新的研究表明，城区的荒野对人类也很重要。
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
研究小组的关注点是一个大型城市公园。他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面摘要，说明他们在公园里与大自然进行的有意义的互动。研究人员随后检查了这些提交的材料，并将其体验进行编码，分为不同类别。例如，一名参与者的“我们坐在海滩上听了一会儿海浪”经历被划入“坐在海滩上”和“听海浪”两类。
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
在320份提交的材料中，研究人员称之为“自然语言”的类别模式开始出现。在对所有提交的文件进行编码后，有六个类别对访问者来说最重要。其中包括遇到野生动物，沿着水边行走，以及沿着既定的小径行走。
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说最满意、最有意义的活动。例如，对于周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻专业人士来说，沿着水边散步的体验可能会令人满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时间沿着喷泉散步，享受这种更为家庭化的互动形式。
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说：“我们正在努力创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动”。
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