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Python 学习笔记 - 数字

Python 学习笔记 - 数字

作者: 风味沙拉 | 来源:发表于2019-07-28 21:12 被阅读0次

    Python 数字类型

    Python支持四种不同的数字类型:

    • int(有符号整型)
    • float(浮点型)
    • complex(复数)

    如:

    x = 8    # int
    y = 9.8  # float
    z = 5j   # complex
    

    Int (整型)

    整型可正可负,不带小数,且没有长度限制,如:

    x = 8
    y = 85656222554887711
    z = -8255522
    
    print(type(x))
    print(type(y))
    print(type(z))
    
    结果为:
    >>> x = 8
    >>> y = 85656222554887711
    >>> z = -8255522
    >>>
    >>> print(type(x))
    <class 'int'>
    >>> print(type(y))
    <class 'int'>
    >>> print(type(z))
    <class 'int'>
    >>>
    

    Float (浮点数)

    浮点数可正可负,带一位或多位小数,如:

    x = 1.80
    y = 8.0
    z = -38.59
    
    print(type(x))
    print(type(y))
    print(type(z))
    
    结果为:
    >>> x = 1.80
    >>> y = 8.0
    >>> z = -38.59
    >>>
    >>> print(type(x))
    <class 'float'>
    >>> print(type(y))
    <class 'float'>
    >>> print(type(z))
    <class 'float'>
    >>>
    

    浮点数也可以是科学计数法形式的数字,即以字母 e 代表 10 的幂,如:

    x = 85e3
    y = 18E4
    z = -88.7e100
    
    print(type(x))
    print(type(y))
    print(type(z))
    
    结果为:
    >>> x = 85e3
    >>> y = 18E4
    >>> z = -88.7e100
    >>>
    >>> print(type(x))
    <class 'float'>
    >>> print(type(y))
    <class 'float'>
    >>> print(type(z))
    <class 'float'>
    >>>
    

    Complex (负数)

    复数由实部虚部组成,虚部带有字母 j 标记,如:

    x = 7 + 8j
    y = 5j
    z = -5j
    
    print(type(x))
    print(type(y))
    print(type(z))
    
    结果为:
    >>> x = 7 + 8j
    >>> y = 5j
    >>> z = -5j
    >>>
    >>> print(type(x))
    <class 'complex'>
    >>> print(type(y))
    <class 'complex'>
    >>> print(type(z))
    <class 'complex'>
    >>>
    

    可以使用 int(),float(),complex() 作类型转化,如:

    x = 6 # int
    y = 4.8 # float
    z = 3j # complex
    
    #convert from int to float:
    a = float(x)
    
    #convert from float to int:
    b = int(y)
    
    #convert from int to complex:
    c = complex(x)
    
    print(a)
    print(b)
    print(c)
    
    print(type(a))
    print(type(b))
    print(type(c))
    
    结果为:
    >>> x = 6 # int
    >>> y = 4.8 # float
    >>> z = 3j # complex
    >>>
    >>> #convert from int to float:
    ... a = float(x)
    >>>
    >>> #convert from float to int:
    ... b = int(y)
    >>>
    >>> #convert from int to complex:
    ... c = complex(x)
    >>>
    >>> print(a)
    6.0
    >>> print(b)
    4
    >>> print(c)
    (6+0j)
    >>>
    >>> print(type(a))
    <class 'float'>
    >>> print(type(b))
    <class 'int'>
    >>> print(type(c))
    <class 'complex'>
    >>>
    

    随机数

    Python 没有 random() 函数来产生随机数,但是提供了一个内置模块。

    import random
    print(random.randrange(2,8))
    
    结果为:
    >>> import random
    >>> print(random.randrange(2,8))
    6
    >>>
    

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