这里只写了实现和应用。
理论部分可以参考下面的链接:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E6%9F%A5%E9%9B%86
https://www.runoob.com/data-structures/union-find-basic.html
1. C++实现
- 并查集实现是可以分为有rank和无rank。
- 有rank的实现在合并的时候,把rank小的挂在rank大的上面,一定程度上能提高效率。
- 无rank代码稍微简单一些,看起来比较清晰
1.1 有rank
合并的时候,把rank小的挂在rank大的上面,一定程度上能提高效率
class UnionFindSet {
public:
UnionFindSet(int num_vertex) {
num_vertex_ = num_vertex;
father_ = vector<int>(num_vertex_);
rank_ = vector<int>(num_vertex_);
}
private:
void make_set() { //初始化集合,让所有的点都各成一个集合,每个集合都只包含自己
for (int i = 0; i < num_vertex_; i++) {
father_[i] = i;
rank_[i] = 1;
}
}
int find_set(int x) { //判断一个点属于哪个集合,点如果都有着共同的祖先结点,就可以说他们属于一个集合
if (x != father_[x]) {
father_[x] = find_set(father_[x]);
}
return father_[x];
}
void union_set(int x, int y) { //将x,y合并到同一个集合
x = find_set(x);
y = find_set(y);
if (x == y) { return; }
if (rank_[x] < rank_[y]) {
father_[x] = find_set(y);
}
else {
if (rank_[x] == rank_[y]) { rank_[x]++; }
father_[y] = find_set(x);
}
}
int num_vertex_;
vector<int> father_;
vector<int> rank_;
};
1.2 无rank
class UnionFindSetNoRank {
public:
UnionFindSetNoRank(int num_vertex) {
num_vertex_ = num_vertex;
father_ = vector<int>(num_vertex_);
make_set();
}
void make_set() { //初始化集合,让所有的点都各成一个集合,每个集合都只包含自己
for (int i = 0; i < num_vertex_; i++) {
father_[i] = i;
}
}
int find_set(int x) { //判断一个点属于哪个集合,点如果都有着共同的祖先结点,就可以说他们属于一个集合
if (x != father_[x]) {
father_[x] = find_set(father_[x]);
}
return father_[x];
}
void union_set(int x, int y) { //将x,y合并到同一个集合
x = find_set(x);
y = find_set(y);
if (x == y) { return; }
father_[y] = x;
}
private:
int num_vertex_;
vector<int> father_;
};
下面的实现跟上面一样,只是函数名使用驼峰命名法,上面的是下划线分割法
class UnionFindSetNoRank {
public:
UnionFindSetNoRank(int num_vertex) {
num_vertex_ = num_vertex;
father_ = vector<int>(num_vertex_);
makeSet();
}
void makeSet() { //初始化集合,让所有的点都各成一个集合,每个集合都只包含自己
for (int i = 0; i < num_vertex_; i++) {
father_[i] = i;
}
}
int findSet(int x) { //判断一个点属于哪个集合,点如果都有着共同的祖先结点,就可以说他们属于一个集合
if (x != father_[x]) {
father_[x] = findSet(father_[x]);
}
return father_[x];
}
void unionSet(int x, int y) { //将x,y合并到同一个集合
x = findSet(x);
y = findSet(y);
if (x == y) { return; }
father_[y] = x;
}
private:
int num_vertex_;
vector<int> father_;
};
2. 应用
leetcode 547. 省份数量
https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-provinces/
思路: 查找连通域的个数
class Solution {
public:
int findCircleNum(vector<vector<int>>& isConnected) {
int N = isConnected.size();
num_vertex_ = N;
father_ = vector<int>(num_vertex_);
rank_ = vector<int>(num_vertex_);
make_set();
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
if (isConnected[i][j]) {
union_set(i, j);
}
}
}
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
if (father_[i] == i) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
private:
void make_set() { //初始化集合,让所有的点都各成一个集合,每个集合都只包含自己
for (int i = 0; i < num_vertex_; i++) {
father_[i] = i;
rank_[i] = 1;
}
}
int find_set(int x) { //判断一个点属于哪个集合,点如果都有着共同的祖先结点,就可以说他们属于一个集合
if (x != father_[x]) {
father_[x] = find_set(father_[x]);
}
return father_[x];
}
void union_set(int x, int y) { //将x,y合并到同一个集合
x = find_set(x);
y = find_set(y);
if (x == y) { return; }
if (rank_[x] < rank_[y]) {
father_[x] = find_set(y);
}
else {
if (rank_[x] == rank_[y]) { rank_[x]++; }
father_[y] = find_set(x);
}
}
int num_vertex_;
vector<int> father_;
vector<int> rank_;
};
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