1172 Dinner Plate Stacks 餐盘栈
Description:
You have an infinite number of stacks arranged in a row and numbered (left to right) from 0, each of the stacks has the same maximum capacity.
Implement the DinnerPlates class:
DinnerPlates(int capacity) Initializes the object with the maximum capacity of the stacks capacity.
void push(int val) Pushes the given integer val into the leftmost stack with a size less than capacity.
int pop() Returns the value at the top of the rightmost non-empty stack and removes it from that stack, and returns -1 if all the stacks are empty.
int popAtStack(int index) Returns the value at the top of the stack with the given index index and removes it from that stack or returns -1 if the stack with that given index is empty.
Example:
Example 1:
Input
["DinnerPlates", "push", "push", "push", "push", "push", "popAtStack", "push", "push", "popAtStack", "popAtStack", "pop", "pop", "pop", "pop", "pop"]
[[2], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [0], [20], [21], [0], [2], [], [], [], [], []]
Output
[null, null, null, null, null, null, 2, null, null, 20, 21, 5, 4, 3, 1, -1]
Explanation:
DinnerPlates D = DinnerPlates(2); // Initialize with capacity = 2
D.push(1);
D.push(2);
D.push(3);
D.push(4);
D.push(5); // The stacks are now: 2 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.popAtStack(0); // Returns 2. The stacks are now: 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.push(20); // The stacks are now: 20 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.push(21); // The stacks are now: 20 4 21
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.popAtStack(0); // Returns 20. The stacks are now: 4 21
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.popAtStack(2); // Returns 21. The stacks are now: 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.pop() // Returns 5. The stacks are now: 4
1 3
﹈ ﹈
D.pop() // Returns 4. The stacks are now: 1 3
﹈ ﹈
D.pop() // Returns 3. The stacks are now: 1
﹈
D.pop() // Returns 1. There are no stacks.
D.pop() // Returns -1. There are still no stacks.
Constraints:
1 <= capacity <= 2 * 10^4
1 <= val <= 2 * 10^4
0 <= index <= 10^5
At most 2 * 10^5 calls will be made to push, pop, and popAtStack.
题目描述:
我们把无限数量 ∞ 的栈排成一行，按从左到右的次序从 0 开始编号。每个栈的的最大容量 capacity 都相同。
实现一个叫「餐盘」的类 DinnerPlates：
DinnerPlates(int capacity) - 给出栈的最大容量 capacity。
void push(int val) - 将给出的正整数 val 推入 从左往右第一个 没有满的栈。
int pop() - 返回 从右往左第一个 非空栈顶部的值，并将其从栈中删除；如果所有的栈都是空的，请返回 -1。
int popAtStack(int index) - 返回编号 index 的栈顶部的值，并将其从栈中删除；如果编号 index 的栈是空的，请返回 -1。
示例 :
输入：
["DinnerPlates","push","push","push","push","push","popAtStack","push","push","popAtStack","popAtStack","pop","pop","pop","pop","pop"]
[[2],[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[0],[20],[21],[0],[2],[],[],[],[],[]]
输出：
[null,null,null,null,null,null,2,null,null,20,21,5,4,3,1,-1]
解释：
DinnerPlates D = DinnerPlates(2); // 初始化，栈最大容量 capacity = 2
D.push(1);
D.push(2);
D.push(3);
D.push(4);
D.push(5); // 栈的现状为： 2 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.popAtStack(0); // 返回 2。栈的现状为： 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.push(20); // 栈的现状为： 20 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.push(21); // 栈的现状为： 20 4 21
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.popAtStack(0); // 返回 20。栈的现状为： 4 21
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.popAtStack(2); // 返回 21。栈的现状为： 4
1 3 5
﹈ ﹈ ﹈
D.pop() // 返回 5。栈的现状为： 4
1 3
﹈ ﹈
D.pop() // 返回 4。栈的现状为： 1 3
﹈ ﹈
D.pop() // 返回 3。栈的现状为： 1
﹈
D.pop() // 返回 1。现在没有栈。
D.pop() // 返回 -1。仍然没有栈。
提示:
1 <= capacity <= 20000
1 <= val <= 20000
0 <= index <= 100000
最多会对 push，pop，和 popAtStack 进行 200000 次调用。
思路:
小根堆
用小根堆记录没有满的栈的下标, 这样堆顶就是最小的坐标
如果堆顶比栈的列表长度还要长, 说明堆顶已经失效, 可以直接清空
其他操作按题意模拟即可
时间复杂度为 O(nlgn), 空间复杂度为 O(n)
代码:
C++:
class DinnerPlates
{
private:
int capacity;
vector<stack<int>> stacks;
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>>pq;
public:
DinnerPlates(int capacity)
{
this -> capacity = capacity;
stacks.clear();
pq.push(0);
}
void push(int val)
{
int top = pq.top();
if (top < stacks.size())
{
stacks[top].push(val);
if (stacks[top].size() == capacity)
{
pq.pop();
if (pq.empty()) pq.push(stacks.size());
}
return;
}
stacks.push_back(stack<int>());
stacks.back().push(val);
if (stacks[top].size() == capacity)
{
pq.pop();
if (pq.empty()) pq.push(stacks.size());
}
}
int pop()
{
if (stacks.empty()) return -1;
int result = stacks.back().top();
stacks.back().pop();
if (stacks.back().size() == capacity - 1) pq.push(stacks.size() - 1);
while (!stacks.empty() and stacks.back().empty()) stacks.pop_back();
return result;
}
int popAtStack(int index)
{
if (index >= stacks.size() or stacks[index].empty()) return -1;
int result = stacks[index].top();
stacks[index].pop();
if (stacks[index].size() == capacity - 1) pq.push(index);
if (index == stacks.size() - 1 and stacks[index].empty()) stacks.pop_back();
while (!stacks.empty() and stacks.back().empty()) stacks.pop_back();
return result;
}
};
/**
* Your DinnerPlates object will be instantiated and called as such:
* DinnerPlates* obj = new DinnerPlates(capacity);
* obj->push(val);
* int param_2 = obj->pop();
* int param_3 = obj->popAtStack(index);
*/
Java:
class DinnerPlates {
private List<Stack<Integer>> stacks;
private int capacity;
private PriorityQueue<Integer> queue;
public DinnerPlates(int capacity) {
stacks = new ArrayList<>();
this.capacity = capacity;
queue = new PriorityQueue<>();
}
public void push(int val) {
if (!queue.isEmpty() && queue.peek() >= stacks.size()) queue.clear();
if (queue.isEmpty()) {
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
stack.push(val);
stacks.add(stack);
if (capacity > 1) queue.offer(stacks.size() - 1);
} else {
int index = queue.poll();
stacks.get(index).add(val);
if (stacks.get(index).size() < capacity) queue.offer(index);
}
}
public int pop() {
while (!stacks.isEmpty() && stacks.get(stacks.size() - 1).isEmpty()) stacks.remove(stacks.size() - 1);
if (stacks.isEmpty()) return -1;
int result = stacks.get(stacks.size() - 1).pop();
if (stacks.get(stacks.size() - 1).isEmpty()) stacks.remove(stacks.size() - 1);
if (!stacks.isEmpty() && stacks.get(stacks.size() - 1).size() != capacity) queue.offer(stacks.size() - 1);
return result;
}
public int popAtStack(int index) {
if (index >= stacks.size() || stacks.get(index).isEmpty()) return -1;
if (stacks.get(index).size() == capacity) queue.offer(index);
return stacks.get(index).pop();
}
}
/**
* Your DinnerPlates object will be instantiated and called as such:
* DinnerPlates obj = new DinnerPlates(capacity);
* obj.push(val);
* int param_2 = obj.pop();
* int param_3 = obj.popAtStack(index);
*/
Python:
class DinnerPlates:
def __init__(self, capacity: int):
self.stacks = []
self.heap = []
self.capacity = capacity
def push(self, val: int) -> None:
if self.heap and self.heap[0] >= len(self.stacks):
self.heap = []
if not self.heap:
self.stacks.append([val])
if self.capacity > 1:
heappush(self.heap, len(self.stacks) - 1)
else:
self.stacks[index := heappop(self.heap)].append(val)
if len(self.stacks[index]) < self.capacity:
heappush(self.heap, index)
def pop(self) -> int:
while self.stacks and not self.stacks[-1]:
self.stacks.pop()
if not self.stacks:
return -1
if self.stacks and len(self.stacks[-1]) == self.capacity:
heappush(self.heap, len(self.stacks) - 1)
return self.stacks[-1].pop()
def popAtStack(self, index: int) -> int:
if index >= len(self.stacks) or not self.stacks[index]:
return -1
if len(self.stacks[index]) == self.capacity:
heappush(self.heap, index)
return self.stacks[index].pop()
# Your DinnerPlates object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = DinnerPlates(capacity)
# obj.push(val)
# param_2 = obj.pop()
# param_3 = obj.popAtStack(index)
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