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复习英语语法--主宾代词、所有格

复习英语语法--主宾代词、所有格

作者: 黄耀鸿 | 来源:发表于2019-12-07 18:56 被阅读0次

    主宾代词

    类型 备注
    主语代词 I you he she it we you they 在动词之前
    宾语代词 me you him her it us you them 用在动词或介词之后

    例句:
    I will take it to you.
    Please give it to me.

    所有形容词(表示“某人的”)

    类型 备注
    所有形容词 my your his her its our your their 表示“某人的”

    注意:its表示它的,而it's是it is的简写。

    如The dog is playing its ball. (狗在玩它的球)
    It is like a ball.(它像一个球)

    所有代词

    类型 备注
    所有代词 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs 表示xx的物品

    注意:所有形容词和所有代词都不使用's或’来表示所有格;此外上表没有its,因此its只表示"它的",不表示它的物品。
    如That pencil is her's(错)That pencil is hers(对)

    与之对应,使用whose来进行提问,如:
    Whose pen is this? It's John's
    Whose are these? I don't konw- they aren't mine.

    所有格(表示“某物/人的”)

    表示“xx的”有两种方式:

    方式一:用of ,如the population of the town.

    如果xx表示物,则多用of,如I didn't see the end of the film. 而不用I didn't see the film's end.

    方式二:'s或',如children's books,the girls' room;

    如果xx表示人,则多用's,如She is Sam's sister,而不用She is the sister of Sam.

    【重点】加's与'的区别,只要词结尾是s(复数形式也算),则直接加‘,否则都加's;

    • 以s结尾:the sailors' boat、parents' house
    • 不以s结尾:John's car、my mother's garden;

    当句意思清晰时,可以省略’s或'之后名词。

    什么时候意思清晰?'s之后在上一句的提到,或指家、店、服务时。

    比如Is this your mobile phone? No, it's John's. # 省略了phone
    Shall we go to Anthony's for lunch?# 省略了home
    I need to go to the dentist's. # 省略了shop

    其它代词

    类型 备注
    代词 this that these those one ones 这个、那个、这些、那些、一个

    1.this/these表示在我们身边的事物,或离我们近的;that/those表示不在我们身边的事物;

    注意,these是this的复数形式,those是that的复数形式,ones是one的复数形式。

    This is a good meal. # 这是一顿美餐。时间就在最近

    That was a good meal.# 那是一顿美餐。过去的时间 细细体会区别

    2.对于one,只能使用代替可数名词,不能代替不可数名词。

    (错)I prefer pop music to classical one.

    (对)I prefer pop music to classical music.

    3.我们使用this/that/these/those + one(s)来表示我们想要或表示的词。
    Can you pass me some plates? Those ones on the top shelf.

    反身代词

    类型 备注
    反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves youselves themselves 我自己,你自己、他自己..

    例句:we enjoyed ourselves at the party. (had fun)
    do sth by myself:表示自己完成某事。
    如I live by myself.(I live alone)

    注意:当主宾不一致时,使用each other
    (错)Anna and Susan like themselves.
    (对)Anna and Susan like each other. (等于Anna likes Susan and Susan likes Anna)

    不定代词

    不定代词用来指代那些不清楚的物或人。

    类型 备注
    不定代词 someone/somebody anyone/anybody everyone/everybody no one/nobody 某个/某人、任何物/任何人、每个/每人、没有一个/没有人

    可以使用some/any/every+不定量词来扩展,如something,anything,everywhere。

    注意:英语中不使用双否定。
    (错)I didn't eat nothing.
    (对)I didn't eat anything.

    此外不定代词的动词使用单数形式。
    (错)Everyone are sleeping in my bed.
    (对)Everyone is sleeping in my bed.

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