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React State Hook之useState

React State Hook之useState

作者: 米诺zuo | 来源:发表于2023-10-23 14:51 被阅读0次

    useState向组件添加状态变量,让组件“记住”用户输入等信息。
    https://react.dev/reference/react/useState

    定义一个数字变量
    import React from 'react';
    import { useState } from 'react';
    
    export function StateFunc() {
        const [age, setAge] = useState(28);
        function handleClick() {
            setAge(age + 1);
            setAge(age => age +1);
        }
        return <span onClick={handleClick}>you pressed me {age}  times</span>;
    }
    

    注意:纯函数定义的名字 StateFunc首字母需要大写, setAge需要定义在function里面。
    age是定义的变量, setAge是更新的函数,参数传更新的值,或者age=> {} 更新的函数。

    定义一个object变量。
    const [form, setForm] = useState({ firstName: 'Taylor'});
    function handleClick() {
            setForm({...form, firstName: 'Tom'})
    }
    

    注意:直接更改object对象,在进行setState,变量值不会改变。

    obj.x = 10;  // 🚩 Wrong: mutating existing object
    setObj(obj); // 🚩 Doesn't do anything
    
    定义嵌套的object
    const [nestForm, setNestForm] = useState({ firstName: 'Taylor', person: {age: 24}});
    setNestForm({...nestForm, person: {...nestForm.person, age: 26}})
    
    定义数组
    const initialTodos = [
            { id: 0, title: 'Buy milk', done: true },
            { id: 1, title: 'Eat tacos', done: false },
            { id: 2, title: 'Brew tea', done: false },
          ];
    const [array, setArray] = useState(initialTodos);
    setArray([...array, {id: 3, title:'test AA', done: true}]);
    

    注意:如果使用function定义初始值, 应使用useState传入方法名,避免多次渲染,只渲染一次,但会直接调用函数并存储结果。

       function createInitialArray() {
            const initialTodos = [
                { id: 0, title: 'Buy milk', done: true },
                { id: 1, title: 'Eat tacos', done: false },
                { id: 2, title: 'Brew tea', done: false },
              ];
            return initialTodos;
        }
        const [array, setArray] = useState(createInitialArray);
    

    注意:使用() =>来传递函数,这样 React 会存储你传递的函数。

    const [fn, setFn] = useState(() => someFunction);
    
    function handleClick() {
      setFn(() => someOtherFunction);
    }
    
    使用key重置组件
    export function StateFunc() {
        const [version, setVersion] = useState(1);
        function handleClick() {
            setVersion(3);
        }
        return <div>
            <span onClick={handleClick}>
            </span>
            <Form key={version}></Form>
        </div>
       
    }
    function Form () {
        const [name, setName] = useState("Simth");
        return <div>
            <input value={name} onChange={e => setName(e.target.value)} />
            <span> hi, form {name}</span>
        </div>
    }
    

    当key值发生改变时,会重置form组件

    报错: “Too many re-renders”
    // 🚩 Wrong: calls the handler during render
    return <button onClick={handleClick()}>Click me</button>
    
    // ✅ Correct: passes down the event handler
    return <button onClick={handleClick}>Click me</button>
    
    // ✅ Correct: passes down an inline function
    return <button onClick={(e) => handleClick(e)}>Click me</button>
    

    注意:只有组件、初始化器和更新器函数需要是纯的。

    好了,那我们的useState到这里就结束了。

    宝子们可以收藏评论交流哦

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