总结一：句子的成分
招数 1：主要来给名词化妆的定语；
招数 2：主要来给形容词或者动词化妆的状语；
招数 3：主要来解释抽象性名词的同位语。
举例
① 嘲笑别人是不对的。
第一种写法：单词做主语；
You are not right if you laugh at others.（代词做主语）
第二种写法：短语做主语；
Laughing at others is not right.（非谓语结构做主语）
第三种写法：从句做主语。
That you laugh at others is not right.（主语从句做主语）
② 我妈妈是一个美丽和善良的家庭主妇。
My mother is a kind and beautiful housewife.（形容词作定语）
或 My mother is a housewife of kindness and beauty.（名词作定语）
或 My mother is a housewife keeping kind and beautiful.（非谓语做定语）
或 My mother is a housewife as kind and beautiful as a angel.（介词短语做定语）
或 My mother is a housewife who keeps kind and beautiful.（从句做定语）
③ He killed his wife.
He killed his wife cruelly.（副词作状语）
He killed his wife with a sharp knife.（介词短语作状语）
He,making use of a sharp knife,killed his wife.（非谓语做状语）
When he made use of a sharp knife,He killed his wife.（从句做定语）
总结二：长难句的模样
（状语），主语（定语/ 同位语 /状语）+ 谓语（时态 语态）+ 宾语 / 表语（定语/ 同位语 /状语）
小括号内代表修饰限定成分，小括号外代表主干成分。
阅读就是分析长难句，就是去掉修饰限定成分的过程。写作就是加上修饰限定成分的过程。
分析长难句，先找主句的谓语动词，再找连词，再找状语或定语。
改写素颜句例 1：
素颜句：They are singing songs. 他们正在唱歌。
同位语化妆：They, a group of vigorous university students, are singing songs,Yesterday Once More and Country Road. 他们，一群精力充沛的大学生，正在唱歌，唱的是《昨日重现》，《乡村之路》。
加上定语化妆：They, a group of vigorous university students, who will take an important examination are singing songs,Yesterday Once More and Country Road，which have been popular with teenagers and youngsters. 他们，一群精力充沛的大学生，将要参加一次重要的考试，正在唱歌曲《昨日重现》，《乡村之路》，这些歌曲很受年轻人的欢迎。
再加状语化妆：When we are having English classic upstairs, they, a group of vigorous university students, who will take an important examination are singing songs,Yesterday Once More and Country Road, which are so popular with teenagers and youngsters because they are about to take part in a singing competition.
当我们正在楼上上英语课的时候，他们，一群精力充沛的大学生，将要参加一次重要的考试，正在唱歌曲《昨日重现》，《乡村之路》，这些歌曲很受年轻人的欢迎，因为他们要参加歌唱比赛。
改写素颜句例 2：
素颜句：English is exceedingly important. 英语很重要
化妆句 ： With the rapid development of Chinese economy and technology, English, a worldwide communicating tool, is so important that almost every student is learning it although it seems strikingly hard for Chinese.
随着中国经济和技术的快速发展, 英语尽管对国人来说似乎非常困难, 但是它作为一种世界性的交流工具, 是如此的重要, 以至于几乎每个学生都在学习它。
改写素颜句3：
例 ：2005 年考研英语写作真题
素颜句：The eldest son is kicking out his father.
大儿子在把他的父亲踢开。
同位语化妆：
The eldest son, a fat and ugly guy, is kicking out his father, a poor old man.
看起来又胖又丑的大儿子，正在踢开他的父亲，一个可怜的老人。
定语化妆：
The eldest son, a fat and ugly guy, who is standing in front of the goal, is kicking out his father, a poor old man, who is crouching in the center of the playground.
站在球门前的长子，一个又胖又丑的家伙，正在踢他的父亲，一个蜷缩在操场中心的可怜的老人。
状语化妆：
When he grows up and becomes independent, the eldest son, a fat and ugly guy, who is standing in front of the goal, is kicking out his father, a poor old man, who is crouching in the center of the playground although he has brought his children up with hard work.
站在球门前的长子，一个又胖又丑的家伙，长大独立了，正在踢他的父亲，一个蜷缩在操场中心的可怜的老人，尽管他用辛勤的劳动养育了他的孩子。
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