1. 命令介绍
more命令,功能类似 cat ,cat命令是整个文件的内容从上到下显示在屏幕上。 more会以一页一页的显示方便使用者逐页阅读,而最基本的指令就是按空白键(space)就往下一页显示,按 b 键就会往回(back)一页显示,而且还有搜寻字串的功能 。more命令从前向后读取文件,因此在启动时就加载整个文件。
2. 命令格式
more [options] file...
3. 命令功能
more命令和cat的功能一样都是查看文件里的内容,但有所不同的是more可以按页来查看文件的内容,还支持直接跳转行等功能。
4. 常用选项
选项 | 含义 |
---|---|
+n | 从笫n行开始显示 |
-n | 定义屏幕大小为n行 |
+/pattern | 在每个档案显示前搜寻该字串(pattern),然后从该字串前两行之后开始显示 |
-c | 从顶部清屏,然后显示 |
-d | 提示“Press space to continue,’q’ to quit(按空格键继续,按q键退出)”,禁用响铃功能 |
-l | 忽略Ctrl+l(换页)字符 |
-p | 通过清除窗口而不是滚屏来对文件进行换页,与-c选项相似 |
-s | 把连续的多个空行显示为一行 |
-u | 把文件内容中的下画线去掉 |
5.常用命令操作
选项 | 含义 |
---|---|
Enter | 向下n行,需要定义。默认为1行 |
Ctrl+F | 向下滚动一屏 |
空格键 | 向下滚动一屏 |
Ctrl+B | 返回上一屏 |
= | 输出当前行的行号 |
:f | 输出文件名和当前行的行号 |
V | 调用vi编辑器 |
!命令 | 调用Shell,并执行命令 |
q | 退出more |
6. 常用实例
- 显示文件中从第3行起的内容
[root@localhost ~]# cat -n /etc/rc.local
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
3 #
4 # It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
5 # to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
6 #
7 # In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
8 # this script will NOT be run after all other services.
9 #
10 # Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
11 # that this script will be executed during boot.
12
13 touch /var/lock/subsys/local
[root@localhost ~]# more +3 /etc/rc.local
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
- 从文件中查找第一个出现"chmod"字符串的行,并从该处前两行开始显示输出
[root@localhost ~]# more +/chmod /etc/rc.local
...skipping
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
- 设定每屏显示行数
[root@localhost ~]# more -5 /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
--More--(39%)
如下图所示,最下面显示了该屏展示的内容占文件总行数的比例,按 Ctrl+F 或者 空格键 将会显示下一屏5条内容,百分比也会跟着变化。
- 列一个目录下的文件,由于内容太多,我们应该学会用more来分页显示。这得和管道 | 结合起来
[root@localhost log]# ls -l|more -5
total 1884
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 204 May 24 2020 anaconda
drwx------. 2 root root 23 May 24 2020 audit
-rw-------. 1 root root 8486 Nov 24 02:00 boot.log
-rw-------. 1 root root 44498 Nov 22 03:32 boot.log-20201122
...skipping one line
-rw-------. 1 root utmp 384 May 24 2020 btmp
-rw-------. 1 root root 9176 Nov 24 02:01 cron
-rw-------. 1 root root 6086 Nov 22 03:32 cron-20201122
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 122877 Nov 24 02:00 dmesg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 123064 Nov 23 03:54 dmesg.old
...skipping one line
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 193 May 24 2020 grubby_prune_debug
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 292000 Nov 24 02:01 lastlog
-rw-------. 1 root root 594 Nov 24 02:00 maillog
-rw-------. 1 root root 990 Nov 21 14:15 maillog-20201122
-rw-------. 1 root root 666402 Nov 24 02:15 messages
...skipping one line
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 24 2020 rhsm
-rw-------. 1 root root 2418 Nov 24 02:01 secure
-rw-------. 1 root root 2218 Nov 21 14:16 secure-20201122
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov 22 03:32 spooler
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 May 24 2020 spooler-20201122
...skipping one line
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 23 May 24 2020 tuned
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12257 Nov 24 02:00 vmware-vgauthsvc.log.0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17025 Nov 24 02:00 vmware-vmsvc.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root utmp 19200 Nov 24 02:01 wtmp
说明:每页显示5个文件信息,按 Ctrl+F 或者 空格键 将会显示下5条文件信息。
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