Debian系统安装

安装Debian基础系统，不需要安装桌面，我是刻录U盘安装，网上有很多例子，这里不在做说明。
安装完成后，配置过内镜像源(我用的是网易的源)，更新系统。
参考文章：
1、Debian安装教程 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145587.htm
2、网易开源镜像 http://mirrors.163.com

安装必需驱动和X环境

$ apt install apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-video-intel

最后一个跟电脑的显卡有关
虚拟机：xserver-xorg-video-vesa和xserver-xorg-video-vmware
Intel核显，用xserver-xorg-video-intel
A卡，xserver-xorg-video-ati
N卡，xserver-xorg-video-nvidia
A卡和N需要安装闭源驱动才可以驱动，安装方法请参考Debian可的官方wiki

安装i3wm

$ apt install i3 zsh vim sakura lightdm ttf-wqy-zenhei

i3 是窗口管理器，里面包含了i3-wm,i3lock和i3status
sakura 是terminal
lightdm 是登录管理器
ttf-wqy-zenhei 是字体

安装完成后重启就可以了。
第一次登录之后会提示你配置文件缺失，是否自动建立一个，回车就好。
选择win或者alt键，作为mod键（意思就是，在i3里面的各种操作，都是靠这个键和其他按键组合完成），选一个自己喜欢的回车。
几个快捷键：

mod键+回车，打开新的终端。
mod键+h，表示下一次在当前窗口右侧打开终端，
mod键+v，表示下一次在当前窗口下方打开终端。
mod键+d，可以打开dmenu，会在屏幕顶部打开一个“启动器”，键入命令的同时后方会自动显示可用的命令，这里可以使用tab补全。
mod键+shift+空格，使窗口浮动
mod键+shift+q，关闭窗口

快捷键和其他i3相关的配置都在.config/i3/config文件，可以添加和修改成自己喜欢的按键

其他软件包和配置

$ apt install xcompmgr sudo fcitx fcitx-rime feh midori network-manager-gnome volumeicon-alsa pulseaudio pavucontrol xorg lxappearance rofi

xcompmgr 用来实现窗口透明
fcitx 输入法
feh 图片查看器，可以用来设置桌面背景
network-manager-gnome 网络管理
volumeicon-alsa 音量控制
pulseaudio 声卡驱动
pavucontrol 配置声音
xorg 需要里面的xrandr来做相关配置
lxappearance 用来调节gtk主题和字体
rofi 可以配置成程序启动器用来代替默认的dmenu

添加托盘图标

开启systemtray，在桌面右下角增加网络、音量、输入法图标，方便操作。
在终端键入xrandr --output 然后空格使用补全，会自动弹出你可用的显示器(我的笔记本是LVDS-1，这个应该和硬件有关，不需要管。)然后添加 --primary
最终整条命令是：xrandr --output LVDS-1 --primary
编辑i3的配置文件，在文件最底部添加指令（需要退出root状态，仅编辑自己home下的config）

vim .config/i3/config

# Autostart begin
exec --no-startup-id xcompmgr -FCf -nc -t -5 &
# i3bar网络管理图标
exec --no-startup-id nm-applet
# 启动输入法-i3bar输入法图标
exec --no-startup-id fcitx
# 配置显示器
exec --no-startup-id xrandr --output LVDS-1 --mode 1024x768
# i3bar音量图标
exec --no-startup-id volumeicon
# 启动电源管理
exec --no-startup-id mate-power-manager
# 设置背景图片
exec --no-startup-id feh --bg-fill /home/marx/Pictures/timg.jpeg
# Atuostart end

参考贴吧大神的帖子：http://tieba.baidu.com/p/4332307704

我自己的配置文件

# This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
# It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
#
# Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete
# this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
#

# i3 config file (v4)
#
# Please see http://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!

set $mod Mod4

# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below.
font pango:monospace 8

# This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
# text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
#font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 8

# Before i3 v4.8, we used to recommend this one as the default:
# font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1
# The font above is very space-efficient, that is, it looks good, sharp and
# clear in small sizes. However, its unicode glyph coverage is limited, the old
# X core fonts rendering does not support right-to-left and this being a bitmap
# font, it doesn’t scale on retina/hidpi displays.

# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
floating_modifier $mod

# start a terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal

# kill focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill
bindsym $mod+F4 kill

# start dmenu (a program launcher)
#bindsym $mod+d exec dmenu_run
bindsym $mod+d exec rofi -show run
# There also is the (new) i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications
# shipping a .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that
# installed.
# bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop

# change focus
bindsym $mod+h focus left
bindsym $mod+j focus down
bindsym $mod+k focus up
bindsym $mod+l focus right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Left focus left
bindsym $mod+Down focus down
bindsym $mod+Up focus up
bindsym $mod+Right focus right

# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+h move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right

# split in horizontal orientation
bindsym $mod+n split h

# split in vertical orientation
bindsym $mod+v split v

# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle

# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
# bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+q layout toggle split

# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle

# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle

# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent

# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child

# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace 1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace 2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace 3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace 4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace 5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace 6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace 7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace 8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace 9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace 10

# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace 1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace 2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace 3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace 4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace 5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace 6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace 7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace 8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace 9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace 10

# 工作区窗口切换
bindsym $mod+Tab workspace next
bindsym $mod+Shift+Tab workspace prev

# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -b 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"

# 调整窗口大小
# resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
mode "resize" {
        # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode

        # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
        # Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
        # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
        # Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
        bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        # same bindings, but for the arrow keys
        bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        # back to normal: Enter or Escape
        bindsym Return mode "default"
        bindsym Escape mode "default"
}

# 配置窗口调整大小快捷键
bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"

# 配置音量控制快捷键
bindsym $mod+F3 exec amixer set Master 5%+
bindsym $mod+F2 exec amixer set Master 5%-
bindsym $mod+F1 exec amixer set Master toggle

# 配置文件管理快捷键
bindsym $mod+e exec pcmanfm

# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
bar {
        status_command i3status
}

# Autostart begin
exec --no-startup-id xcompmgr -FCf -nc -t -5 &
# i3bar网络管理图标
exec --no-startup-id nm-applet
# 启动输入法-i3bar输入法图标
exec --no-startup-id fcitx
# 配置显示器
exec --no-startup-id xrandr --output LVDS-1 --mode 1024x768
# i3bar音量图标
exec --no-startup-id volumeicon
# 启动电源管理
exec --no-startup-id mate-power-manager
# 设置背景图片
exec --no-startup-id feh --bg-fill /home/marx/Pictures/timg.jpeg
# Atuostart end