翻译：曲霉病

曲霉病

曲霉病是由一种叫做曲霉的真菌（或霉菌）感染造成的，真菌在室内和室外都很常见。大多数人每天吸入真菌的孢子，并不会感染，但某些人却会得病，这通常发生的有肺部疾病或免疫系统脆弱的人身上。

曲霉病有很多各类，其中一类是变应性支气管肺曲霉病（也叫ABPA），ABPA的症状主要包括哮喘和咳嗽。ABPA在哮喘和肺囊肿性纤维化病人中最常见，也可影响健康人。

另外一类是侵入性曲霉病，会破坏身体组织。主要感染肺部，有时也会感染其他器官甚至扩散到全身。主要发生在有免疫问题的人群，如器官移植者，使用大量类固醇激素者，或因某些癌症做化疗者。

为了明确诊断，医生可能会做不同的检查，包括胸部X射线，肺部CT扫描和组织检测。治疗主要是使用抗真菌药物，如果患有ABPA，可能还会用类固醇激素。

美国疾病预防控制中心

原文：https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/aspergillosis.html

Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Aspergillus. The fungus is very common in both indoors and outdoors. Most people breathe in the spores of the fungus every day without being affected. But some people get the disease. It usually occurs in people with lung diseases or weakened immune systems.

There are different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA). Symptoms of ABPA include wheezing and coughing. ABPA can affect healthy people but it is most common in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis.

Another kind is invasive aspergillosis, which damages tissues in the body. It usually affects the lungs. Sometimes it can also cause infection in other organs and spread throughout the body. It affects people who have immune system problems, such as people who have had a transplant, are taking high doses of steroids, or getting chemotherapy for some cancers.

Your doctor might do a variety of tests to make the diagnosis, including a chest x-ray, CT scan of the lungs, and an examination of tissues for signs of the fungus. Treatment is with antifungal drugs. If you have ABPA, you may also take steroids.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention