Spring整合SpringDataJpa的乐观锁与悲观锁详情
一、概述
上一篇《Spring和SpringDataJpa整合详解》介绍了Spring如何结合Spring-data-jpa进行数据库访问操作。这一篇介绍下springmvc环境下spring-data-jpa如何进行乐观锁、悲观锁的使用。
悲观锁和乐观锁的概念:
- 悲观锁:就是独占锁,不管读写都上锁了。传统的关系型数据库里边就用到了很多这种锁机制,比如行锁,表锁等,读锁,写锁等,都是在做操作之前先上锁。Java中synchronized和ReentrantLock等独占锁就是悲观锁思想的实现。
- 乐观锁:不上锁,读取的时候带版本号,写入的时候带着这个版本号,如果不一致就失败,乐观锁适用于多读的应用类型,因为写多的时候会经常失败。
代码可以在Spring组件化构建https://www.pomit.cn/java/spring/spring.html中的JpaLock组件中查看,并下载。
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二、环境配置
本文假设你已经引入Spring必备的一切了,已经是个Spring项目了,如果不会搭建,可以打开这篇文章看一看《Spring和Spring Mvc 5整合详解》。
2.1 maven依赖
和上一篇《Spring和SpringDataJpa整合详解》的配置一样,
使用Spring-data-jpa需要引入spring-data-jpa,因为是非Springboot项目,我们不能通过starter引入,需要引入spring-data-jpa、javax.transaction-api、hibernate-core。
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>cn.pomit</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringWork</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>JpaLock</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>JpaLock</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.0.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.transaction-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.2.17.Final</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec</artifactId>
<groupId>org.jboss.spec.javax.transaction</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>JpaLock</finalName>
</build>
</project>
父模块可以在https://www.pomit.cn/spring/SpringWork/pom.xml获取。
2.2 Spring配置
需要配置数据源、jdbcTemplate、entityManagerFactory、transactionManager和jpa:repositories。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa">
</context:component-scan>
<bean id="annotationPropertyConfigurerJpaLock"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="order" value="1" />
<property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath:db.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${db.dirverClass}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${db.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${db.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${db.password}" />
<property name="initialSize" value="1" />
<property name="minIdle" value="1" />
<property name="maxTotal" value="20" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 1" />
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
</bean>
<!-- jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.domain"></property>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect">
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<jpa:repositories base-package="cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.dao" />
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 使用annotation定义事务 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />
</beans>
这里面,需要注意的是:
-
entityManagerFactory,是实体和数据库选择信息。
-
jpa:repositories,指明Spring-data-jpa的repositories地址。就是我们的数据库交互层。
-
transactionManager,事务处理器。
-
tx:annotation-driven:开启事务注解。
db.properties中存放数据库的地址端口等连接信息。
db.properties:
db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/boot?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC
db.username=cff
db.password=123456
db.dirverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
三、悲观锁
悲观锁在数据库的访问中使用,表现为:前一次请求没执行完,后面一个请求就一直在等待。
3.1 Dao层
数据库要实现悲观锁,就是将sql语句带上for update即可。 for update 是行锁
在Jpa的Repository这一层,直接在方法上加上@Lock(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE),就实现了悲观锁。
UserInfoDao :
package cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.dao;
import javax.persistence.LockModeType;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Lock;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.domain.UserInfo;
@Repository
public interface UserInfoDao extends CrudRepository<UserInfo, String> {
@Lock(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE)
UserInfo findByUserName(String userName);
}
注意加上@Repository注解。实体要加上@Entity和@Table注解。
3.2 Service层
更新数据库前,先调用findByUserName方法,使用上面的配置的悲观锁锁定表记录,然后再更新。
UserInfoService :
package cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.service;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.dao.UserInfoDao;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.domain.UserInfo;
@Service
public class UserInfoService {
@Autowired
UserInfoDao userInfoDao;
public void delete(String userName) {
userInfoDao.deleteById(userName);
}
public void save(UserInfo entity) {
userInfoDao.save(entity);
}
@Transactional
public UserInfo getUserInfoByUserNamePessimistic(String userName) {
return userInfoDao.findByUserName(userName);
}
@Transactional
public void updateWithTimePessimistic(UserInfo entity, int time) throws InterruptedException {
UserInfo userInfo = userInfoDao.findByUserName(entity.getUserName());
if (userInfo == null)
return;
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getMobile())) {
userInfo.setMobile(entity.getMobile());
}
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getName())) {
userInfo.setName(entity.getName());
}
Thread.sleep(time * 1000L);
userInfoDao.save(userInfo);
}
@Transactional
public void updatePessimistic(UserInfo entity) {
UserInfo userInfo = userInfoDao.findByUserName(entity.getUserName());
if (userInfo == null)
return;
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getMobile())) {
userInfo.setMobile(entity.getMobile());
}
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getName())) {
userInfo.setName(entity.getName());
}
userInfoDao.save(userInfo);
}
}
3.3 测试Web层
可以先调用/update/{time}接口,延迟执行,然后马上调用/update接口,会发现,/update接口一直在等待/update/{time}接口执行完成。
JpaPessLockRest :
package cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.web;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.domain.UserInfo;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.service.UserInfoService;
/**
* 测试悲观锁
*
* @author fufei
*
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/jpapesslock")
public class JpaPessLockRest {
@Autowired
UserInfoService userInfoService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/detail/{name}", method = { RequestMethod.GET })
public UserInfo detail(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
return userInfoService.getUserInfoByUserNamePessimistic(name);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/save")
public String save(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo) throws InterruptedException {
userInfoService.save(userInfo);
return "0000";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/update/{time}")
public String update(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo, @PathVariable("time") int time) throws InterruptedException {
userInfoService.updateWithTimePessimistic(userInfo, time);
return "0000";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/update")
public String update(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo) throws InterruptedException {
userInfoService.updatePessimistic(userInfo);
return "0000";
}
}
四、乐观锁
数据库访问dao层还是3.1那个dao。
4.1 实体添加@Version
UserInfo实体增加字段version,并添加注解@Version。当然,数据库也要加上version字段,普通字段就行,别设置成主键自增啥的。
@Version
private Integer version;
4.2 Service层
service层我们做一下简单的调整。更新数据库前,先调用findById方法,查询出当前的版本号,然后再更新。
UserInfoService :
package cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.service;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.dao.UserInfoDao;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.domain.UserInfo;
@Service
public class UserInfoService {
@Autowired
UserInfoDao userInfoDao;
public UserInfo getUserInfoByUserName(String userName) {
return userInfoDao.findById(userName).orElse(null);
}
public void save(UserInfo entity) {
userInfoDao.save(entity);
}
@Transactional
public void updateWithTimeOptimistic(UserInfo entity, int time) throws InterruptedException {
UserInfo userInfo = userInfoDao.findById(entity.getUserName()).orElse(null);
if (userInfo == null)
return;
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getMobile())) {
userInfo.setMobile(entity.getMobile());
}
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getName())) {
userInfo.setName(entity.getName());
}
Thread.sleep(time * 1000L);
userInfoDao.save(userInfo);
}
public void delete(String userName) {
userInfoDao.deleteById(userName);
}
@Transactional
public void updateOptimistic(UserInfo entity) {
UserInfo userInfo = userInfoDao.findById(entity.getUserName()).orElse(null);
if (userInfo == null)
return;
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getMobile())) {
userInfo.setMobile(entity.getMobile());
}
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entity.getName())) {
userInfo.setName(entity.getName());
}
userInfoDao.save(userInfo);
}
}
4.2 测试Web层
可以先调用/update/{time}接口,延迟执行,然后马上调用/update接口,会发现,/update接口不会等待/update/{time}接口执行完成,读取完版本号能够成功更新数据,但是/update/{time}接口等待足够时间以后,更新的时候会报错,因为它的版本和数据库的已经不一致了。
JpaOptiLockRest :
package cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.web;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.domain.UserInfo;
import cn.pomit.springwork.springdatajpa.service.UserInfoService;
/**
* 测试乐观锁
* @author fufei
*
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/jpalock")
public class JpaOptiLockRest {
@Autowired
UserInfoService userInfoService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/detail/{name}", method = { RequestMethod.GET })
public UserInfo detail(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
return userInfoService.getUserInfoByUserName(name);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/save")
public String save(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo) throws InterruptedException {
userInfoService.save(userInfo);
return "0000";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/update/{time}")
public String update(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo, @PathVariable("time") int time) throws InterruptedException {
userInfoService.updateWithTimeOptimistic(userInfo, time);
return "0000";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/update")
public String update(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo) throws InterruptedException {
userInfoService.updateOptimistic(userInfo);
return "0000";
}
}
五、过程中用到的完整实体和Service
UserInfo:
UserInfoService :
详细完整的实体,可以访问品茗IT-博客《Spring和SpringDataJpa整合的乐观锁与悲观锁详情》进行查看
品茗IT-博客专题:https://www.pomit.cn/lecture.html汇总了Spring专题、Springboot专题、SpringCloud专题、web基础配置专题。
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