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JavaScript一些技巧

JavaScript一些技巧

作者: 微志异 | 来源:发表于2019-08-03 18:06 被阅读0次
    一、String Skill

    时间对比:时间个位数形式需补0

    const time1 = '2019-02-14 21:00:00';
    const time2 = '2019-05-01 09:00:00';
    const overTime = time1 > time2;
    // overTime => false
    

    格式化金钱

    const ThousandNum = num => num.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ",");
    const money = ThousandNum(20190214);
    // money => '20,190,214'
    

    生成随机ID

    const randomId = len => Math.random(36).toString(16).substr(3, len);
    const id = randomId(10);
    // id => 'd86d344228'
    

    生成随机HEX色值

    const randomColor = () => "#" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 0xffffff).toString(16).padEnd(6, "0");
    const color = randomColor();
    // color => '#f2167a'
    

    生成星级评分

    const starScore = rate => '★★★★★☆☆☆☆☆'.slice(5 - rate, 10 - rate);
    const stars = starScore(3);
    // stars => '★★★☆☆'
    

    操作URL查询参数

    // location.search = '?name=young&sex=male'
    const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search.replace(/\?/ig, '')); 
    params.has('young'); // true
    params.get('sex'); // "male"
    
    二、Number Skill

    取整:代替正数的Math.floor(),代替负数的Math.ceil()

    const num1 = ~~1.69;
    const num2 = 1.69 | 0;
    const num3 = 1.69 >> 0;
    // num1 num2 num3 => 1 1 1
    

    补零

    const fillZero = (num, len) => num.toString().padStart(len, '0');
    const num = fillZero(169, 5);
    // num => '00169'
    

    转数值:只对null、''、false、数值字符串有效

    const num1 = +null;
    const num2 = +'';
    const num3 = +false;
    const num4 = +'169';
    // num1 num2 num3 num4 => 0 0 0 169
    

    时间戳

    const timeStamp = +new Date('2019-02-14');
    // timeStamp => 
    

    精确小数

    const roundNum = (num, decimal) => Math.round(num * 10 ** decimal) / 10 ** decimal;
    const num = roundNum(1.69, 1);
    // num => 1.7
    

    判断奇偶

    const oddEven = num => !!(num & 1) ? 'odd' : 'even';
    const num = oddEven(2);
    // num => 'even' 
    

    取最小最大值

    const arr = [0, 1, 2];
    const min = Math.min(...arr);
    const max = Math.max(...arr);
    // min max => 0 2
    

    生成范围随机数

    const randomNum = (min, max) => Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
    const num = randomNum(1, 10);
    
    三、Boolean Skill

    短路运算符

    const a = d && 1;
    // 满足条件赋值:取假运算,从左到右依次判断,遇到假值返回假值,后面不再执行,否则返回最后一个真值
    const b = d || 1;
    // 默认赋值:取真运算,从左到右依次判断,遇到真值返回真值,后面不再执行,否则返回最后一个假值
    const c = !d;
    // 取假赋值:单个表达式转换为true则返回false,否则返回true
    

    判断数据类型:undefined、null、string、number、boolean、array、object、symbol、date、regexp、function、asyncfunction、arguments、set、map、weakset、weakmap

    const dataType = (tgt, type) => {
        const targetType = Object.prototype.toString.call(tgt).replace(/\[object /g, "").replace(/\]/g, "").toLowerCase();
        return type ? targetType === type : targetType;
    };
    dataType("young"); // "string"
    dataType(20190214); // "number"
    dataType(true); // "boolean"
    dataType([], "array"); // true
    dataType({}, "array"); // false
    

    是否为空数组

    const arr = [];
    const flag = Array.isArray(arr) && !arr.length;
    // flag => true
    

    是否为空对象

    const obj = {};
    const flag = datatype(obj, 'object') && !Object.keys(obj).length;
    // flag => true
    

    满足条件时执行

    const flagA = true; // 条件A
    const flagB = false; // 条件B
    (flagA || flagB) && func(); // 满足A或B时执行
    (flag! || !flagB) && func(); // 满足A或不满足B时执行
    flagA && flagB && func(); // 同时满足A和B时执行
    flagA && !flagB && func(); // 满足A且不满足B时执行
    

    为非假值时执行

    const flag = false; // undefined、null、""、0、false、NaN
    !flag && func();
    

    数组不为空时执行

    const arr = [0, 1, 2];
    arr.length && func();
    

    对象不为空时执行

    const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
    Object.keys(obj).length && fun();
    

    函数退出代替条件分支退出

    if (flag) {
        func();
        return false;
    }
    // 换成
    if (flag) {
        return func();
    }
    

    switch/case使用区间

    const age = 26;
    switch (true) {
        case isNaN(age):
            console.log('not a number');
            break;
        case (age < 18):
            console.log('under age');
            break;
        case (age > = 18):
            cosnole.log('adult');
            break;
        default:
            console.log('please set your age');
            break;
    }
    
    四、Array Skill

    克隆数组

    const _arr = [0, 1, 2];
    const arr = [..._arr];
    // arr => [0, 1, 2]
    

    合并数组

    const arr1 = [0, 1, 2];
    const arr2 = [3, 4, 5];
    const arr = [...arr1, ..arr2];
    // arr => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    

    去重数组

    const arr = [...new Set([0, 1, 1, null, null])];
    // arr => [0, 1, null]
    

    混淆数组

    const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].slice().sort(() => Math.random() - .5);
    // arr => [3, 4, 0, 5, 1, 2]
    

    清空数组

    const arr = [0, 1, 2];
    arr.length = 0;
    // arr => []
    

    截断数组

    const arr = [0, 1, 2];
    arr.length = 2;
    // arr => [0, 1]
    

    交换赋值

    let a = 0;
    let b = 1;
    [a, b] = [b, a];
    // a b => 1 0
    

    过滤空值:undefined、null、""、0、false、NaN

    const arr = [undefined, null, "", 0, false, NaN, 1, 2].filter(Boolean);
    // arr => [1, 2]
    

    异步累计

    async function func(deps) {
        return deps.reduce(async(t, v) => {
            const dep = await t;
            const version = await Todo(v);
            dep[v] = version;
            return dep;
        }, Promise.resolve({}));
    }
    const result = await func(); // 需在async包围下使用
    

    数组首部插入成员

    let arr = [1, 2]; // 以下方法任选一种
    arr.unshift(0);
    arr = [0].concat(arr);
    arr = [0, ...arr];
    // arr => [0, 1, 2]
    

    数组尾部插入成员

    let arr = [0, 1]; // 以下方法任选一种
    arr.push(2);
    arr.concat(2);
    arr[arr.length] = 2;
    arr = [...arr, 2];
    // arr => [0, 1, 2]
    

    统计数组成员个数

    const arr = [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2];
    const count = arr.reduce((t, c) => {
        t[c] = t[c] ? ++t[c] : 1;
        return t;
    }, {});
    // count => { 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3 }
    

    解构数组成员嵌套

    const arr = [0, 1, [2, 3, [4, 5]]];
    const [a, b, [c, d, [e, f]]] = arr;
    // a b c d e f => 0 1 2 3 4 5
    

    解构数组成员别名

    const arr = [0, 1, 2];
    const { 0: a, 1: b, 2: c} = arr;
    // a b c => 0 1 2
    

    解构数组成员默认值

    const arr = [0, 1, 2];
    const [a, b, c = 3, d = 4] = arr;
    // a b c d => 0 1 2 3 4
    

    获取随机数组成员

    const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    const randomItem = arr[Math.floor(Math.random() * arr.length)];
    // randomItem => 1
    

    创建指定长度数组

    const arr = [...new Array(3).keys()];
    // arr => [0, 1, 2]
    

    创建指定长度且值相等的数组

    const arr = new Array(3).fill(0);
    // arr => [0, 0, 0]
    

    reduce代替map和filter

    const _arr = [0, 1, 2];
    // map
    const _arr = [0, 1, 2];
    
    // map
    const arr = _arr.map(v => v * 2);
    const arr = _arr.reduce((t, c) => {
        t.push(c * 2);
        return t;
    }, []);
    // arr => [0, 2, 4]
    
    // filter
    const arr = _arr.filter(v => v > 0);
    const arr = _arr.reduce((t, c) => {
        c > 0 && t.push(c);
        return t;
    }, []);
    // arr => [1, 2]
    
    // map和filter
    const arr = _arr.map(v => v * 2).filter(v => v > 2);
    const arr = _arr.reduce((t, c) => {
        c = c * 2;
        c > 2 && t.push(c);
        return t;
    }, []);
    // arr => [4]
    
    五、Object Skill

    克隆对象

    const _obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; // 以下方法任选一种
    const obj = { ...obj };
    const obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(_obj));
    // obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }
    

    合并对象

    const obj1 = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
    const obj2 = { c: 3, d: 4, e: 5 };
    const obj = { ...obj1, ...obj2 }
    // obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5 }
    

    对象字面量:获取环境变量时必用此方法,用它一直爽,一直用它一直爽

    const env = 'prod';
    const link = {
        dev: 'Development Address',
        test: 'Testing Address',
        prod: 'Production Address',
    }[env];
    // link => 'Production Address'
    

    对象变量属性

    const flag = false;
    const obj = {
        a: 0,
        b: 1,
        [flag ? 'c' : 'd']: 2,
    };
    // obj => { a: 0, b: 1, d: 2 }
    

    创建纯空对象

    const obj = Object.create(null);
    Object.prototype.a = 0;
    // obj => {}
    

    删除对象无用属性

    const obj = {  a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; // 只想拿b和c
    const { a, ...rest } = obj;
    // rest => {  b: 1, c: 2 }
    

    解构对象属性嵌套

    const obj = {  a: 0, b: 1, c: { d: 2, e: 3 } };
    const { c: { d, e }} = obj;
    // d e => 2 3
    

    解构对象属性别名

    const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
    const { a, b: d, c: e} = obj;
    // a d e => 1 2 3
    

    解构对象属性默认值

    const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
    const { a, b = 2, d = 3 } = obj;
    // a b d => 0 1 3
    

    删除对象的某个字段

    const user = {name: 'Jon', age: 23, password: 'abcdef'};
    // 利用对象的解构,取出非password的所有字段
    const {password, ...newUser} = user;
    // newUser => {name: 'Jon', age: 23}
    
    六、Function Skill

    函数自执行

    const func = function() {}(); // 常用
    (function() {})(); // 常用
    (function() {}());  // 常用
    [function() {}()];
    
    +function() {}();
    -function() {}();
    ~function() {}();
    !function() {}();
    
    new function() {};
    new function() {}();
    void function() {}();
    typeof function() {}();
    delete function() {}();
    
    1, function() {}();
    1^function() {}();
    1>function() {}();
    

    隐式返回值:只能用于单语句返回值箭头函数,如果返回值是对象必须使用()包住

    const func = function() {
          return 'I Love' + name;
    };
    // 换成
    const func = name => 'I Love' + name;
    

    一次性函数:适用于运行一些只需执行一次的初始化代码

    function func() {
        console.log('x');
        func = function() {
            console.log('y');
        }
    }
    

    惰性载入函数:函数内判断分支较多较复杂时可大大节约资源开销

    function func() {
        if (a === b) {
            console.log("x");
        } else {
            console.log("y");
        }
    }
    // 换成
    function func() {
        if (a === b) {
            func = function() {
                console.log("x");
            }
        } else {
            func = function() {
                console.log("y");
            }
        }
        return func();
    }
    

    检测非空参数

    function isRequired() {
        throw new Error('param is required');
    }
    function func(name = isRequired()) {
        console.log('I Love' + name);
    }
    func(); // 'param is required'
    func('You'); // 'I Love You'
    

    字符串创建函数

    const Func = new Function("name", "console.log(\"I Love \" + name)");
    

    优雅处理错误信息

    try {
        func();
    } catch (e) {
        location.href = "https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=[js]+" + e.message;
    }
    

    优雅处理Async/Await参数

    function asyncTo(promise) {
        return promise.then(data => [null, data]).catch(err => [err, null]);
    }
    const [err, res] = await asyncTo(func());
    

    优雅处理多个函数返回值

    function func() {
        return Promise.all([
            fetch('/user'),
            fetch('/comment'),
        ]);
    }
    const [user, comment] = await func(); // 需在async包围下使用
    
    七、DOM Skill

    显示全部DOM边框:调试页面元素边界时使用

    [].forEach.call($$("*"), dom => {
        dom.style.outline = "1px solid #" + (~~(Math.random() * (1 << 24))).toString(16);
    });
    

    自适应页面:页面基于一张设计图但需做多款机型自适应,元素尺寸使用rem进行设置

    function AutoResponse(width = 750) {
        const target = document.documentElement;
        target.clientWidth >= 600
            ? (target.style.fontSize = "80px")
            : (target.style.fontSize = target.clientWidth / width * 100 + "px");
    }
    

    过滤XSS

    function FilterXss(content) {
        let elem = document.createElement("div");
        elem.innerText = content;
        const result = elem.innerHTML;
        elem = null;
        return result;
    }
    

    存取LocalStorage:反序列化取,序列化存

    const love = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("love"));
    localStorage.setItem("love", JSON.stringify("I Love You"));
    

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