网页链接https://www.transmissionrepaircostguide.com/10-common-transmission-problems/
10 Most Common Transmission Problems & How to Fix Them
1.Lack of Response 无响应
2.Whining, Clunking and Humming 呜呜声、沉闷声和嗡嗡声
3.Leaking/Low Fluid 漏油/油位低
4.Grinding or Shaking 研磨或摇动
5.Burning Smell 烧焦味
6.Refuses to Go Into Gear 档位挂不进
7.Check Engine Light 检查发动机灯
8.Transmission Noisy in Neutral 空挡变速器噪音
9.Gears Slipping 齿轮打滑
10.Dragging Clutch 离合器粘滞
11. OBD2 Trouble Codes 故障代码
12.Get the Problem Diagnosed 故障诊断
Your car’s transmission is a complex mechanical system that controls the application of power from the engine to the driveshaft. It experiences more wear and tear over time than most other parts of your vehicle due to the heat and friction produced by their many moving and interacting components. At the bottom of this page you can find a Fair Replacement Cost Guide on popular models of transmission.
汽车变速器是一个复杂的机械系统，它控制着从发动机到传动轴的动力应用。随着时间的推移，它会比车辆的大多数其他部件承受更多的磨损和破损，这是由于它们的许多运动部件和相互作用部件产生的热量和摩擦所致。在这一网页的底部，你可以找到一个有常见变速器型号的更换公允价格指南。
Transmission repairs or replacements are inconvenient, stressful and typically quite expensive, so it’s a good idea to pay attention to any activity that seems unusual. Adhering to the recommended maintenance procedures and schedule intended to prevent problems will help your transmission last longer, perform better and require fewer repairs over its lifespan.
Major issues are bound to arise if your transmission is not well maintained and/or symptoms of a problem are not checked by a professional soon after they develop.
变速器维修或更换不方便、难度大，而且通常非常昂贵，因此最好注意任何看似不寻常的活动。遵循建议的维护程序和计划以防止出现问题，将有助于延长变速器的使用寿命，提高性能，并在其使用寿命内减少维修次数。
如果您的变速器没有得到很好的维护，和/或问题的症状在出现后没有很快由专业人员检查，则必然会出现重大问题。
How to Diagnose the Problem
Determining what problem(s) your car has may seem like an impossible task, especially to the untrained eyes and ears of the average driver. It may be helpful to think of your car’s inner workings as similar to that of the human body.
To diagnose car problems yourself, try to think of it in terms of your own body. For instance, if your stomach begins to hurt without warning, you’ll probably start thinking of the last thing you ate in order to figure out why you are in pain.
A similar type of thinking goes into diagnosing car trouble. Problems that involve mechanical systems typically exhibit distinct sensations and sounds that act as indicators that a certain process isn’t working the way it is intended to.
As soon as you recognize that something seems a bit “off” with your vehicle’s functionality, it’s time to start considering the problem and finding a way to fix it.
That said, if you’re having some car trouble, it is important to know what the most common types of transmission problems are so that you can easily diagnose them and get them fixed. Here is a list of 10 symptoms of transmission trouble and what signs you should look for.
如何诊断问题
确定你的汽车有什么问题似乎是一个不可能的任务，特别是对普通司机的眼睛和耳朵未经训练。把你的车的内部工作原理想象成与人体相似也许会有所帮助。
要自己诊断汽车问题，试着从自己的身体角度来考虑。例如，如果你的胃在没有任何征兆的情况下开始疼痛，为了弄清楚你为什么会疼痛你可能会开始思考你最后一次吃什么东西。
诊断汽车故障也有类似的想法。涉及机械系统的问题通常表现出不同的感觉和声音，这些感觉和声音跟平时的工作情况不同。
一旦你意识到你的汽车功能有点“偏离”，就应该开始考虑这个问题并找到解决方法。
也就是说，如果你有一些汽车故障，重要的是要知道什么是最常见的类型的变速器问题，这样你可以很容易地诊断和得到解决。以下是10种变速器故障症状的列表，以及您应该寻找的迹象。
Lack of Response or Shifting Delay
Ever notice that while driving that the car hesitates or refuses to go into gear? If you have, then there is definitely something wrong. The moment a driver shifts from park to drive the car should immediately go into the proper gear. For automatic transmissions, you might notice that when shifting into drive or park that there is a delay before you feel the gear engage. This is usually a transmission-based concern.
Manual transmissions can have the same lacking response issue, but after shifting into gear the engine’s RPMs will surge, but the car won’t move as fast as the engine sounds like it’s going. This is usually caused by a clutch that needs to be replaced, but may sometimes point to a more severe problem.
无响应或换档延迟
有没有注意到，当驾驶时，汽车迟滞或拒绝挂档？如果你有，那肯定有什么问题。当司机从P档换到D档时，应该立即进入正确的档位。对于自动变速器，您可能会注意到，当切换到行驶档或驻车档时，在感觉档位接合之前会有延迟。这通常是有关变速器的问题。
手动变速器也可能有同样的无响应问题，但在换档后，发动机的转速将激增，但汽车不会像发动机听起来那样快速移动。这通常是由需要更换的离合器引起的，但有时可能指向更严重的问题。
Whining, Clunking and Humming
It’s impossible to say exactly what your car will sound like when there is trouble with your transmission, but one thing is for sure, you’ll get a “I haven’t heard that sound before” feeling when you notice it. The sounds that are produced vary widely between different makes and models, but the best way to describe them is that you’ll probably hear a humming, buzzing or whining noise.
Manual transmissions will emit sounds that can be described as being slightly more mechanical, louder and abrupt sounding. A clunking sounds when you shift gears almost always lies within a transmission, while constant velocity joins or the differential may be the source if the clunking is coming from the underside of your car.
As mentioned already, it is always best to get the problem diagnosed and repaired as soon as possible and not wait until later when you “find the time” or “have the money”. If you wait until later what would have been a relatively inexpensive repair can easily become a much more costly one.
呜呜声、沉闷声和嗡嗡声
当变速器出现故障时，不可能准确地说出你汽车的声音，但有一点是肯定的，当你注意到它时，你会有一种“我以前没有听到过那种声音”的感觉。产生的声音在不同的品牌和型号之间差别很大，但最好的描述方法是你可能会听到嗡嗡声、嗡嗡声或呜呜声。
手动变速器会发出一些声音，可以说是稍微更机械、更响亮和尖锐的声音。当你换档时，几乎总是在变速器内发出咔嗒声，而如果是从你的汽车下面发出的，则等速万向节或差速器可能是产生咔嗒声的原因。
如前所述，最好尽快诊断和修复问题，不要等到“找到时间”或“有钱”时再做。如果你等到晚些时候再做相对便宜的修理，很容易就会变得更昂贵。
A leak is probably the most recognizable symptom and should be repaired as soon as possible. Letting the fluid leak is one of the most common causes transmission break down. Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is the life-blood of a transmission as it lubricates, cleans and conditions the seals and acts as hydraulic fluid. Without it (or even if it gets too low), the engine will seize up and stop working completely.
ATF is bright red in color, clear and smells somewhat sweet if everything is working correctly. If this is what you find on your driveway, then all that needs to be fixed is the hole. If the fluid is dark and/or has a burnt smell then it’s time to get the fluid changed or flushed and repairs might be required.
To check if you’re running low on fluid, take your car for a short drive to warm it up and then lift the hood and read the dipstick (be sure the vehicle is on level ground). Unlike motor oil, transmission fluid is not burned off or consumed by a car so if the level is low then there is a leak somewhere that must be patched. It is recommended to top up the fluid anyway even if the leak still exists to make sure there is enough fluid for the transmission to function properly until you get it fixed.
Complete Guide: Transmission Fluid Leak Causes & Repair Cost.
To check the fluid level for a manual transmission, you must check at the transmission case (usually through the fill plug) – not with a dipstick under the hood.
油液泄露/液位低
泄漏可能是最容易识别的症状，应尽快修复。油液泄漏是导致变速器故障的最常见原因之一。自动变速器油（ATF）是变速器润滑、清洁和调节密封以及充当液压油时的生命血液。如果没有它（或即使它太低），发动机会完全停止工作。
如果一切正常，ATF的颜色是鲜红色，清澈，闻起来有点甜。如果这是你在车道上发现，那么所有需要修复的就是这个洞。如果油液变暗和/或有烧焦的气味，则是时候更换或冲洗油液了，可能需要维修。
要检查您的油液是否不足，请短距离驾车预热，然后提起发动机罩并读取油尺读数（确保车辆处于水平地面）。与机油不同的是，变速器油不会被汽车烧掉或消耗掉，因此如果液位低，则有必须修补有泄漏的地方。建议无论如何加满油液，即使泄漏仍然存在，以确保有足够的油液供变速器正常工作，直到您将其修复。
完整指南：变速器油泄漏原因和维修成本。
要检查手动变速器的液位，必须检查变速器壳（通常通过加注塞），而不是在发动机罩下使用油尺。
Grinding or Shaking
A car is supposed to run smoothly and without any shaking, or jerking, and there is not supposed to be any grinding sounds. These all suggest that there is a problem with the gears. Manual transmissions commonly indicate problems by making a grinding noise or feeling when you shift into a gear. If the grinding occurs after engaging the clutch and shifting, this can be sign that the clutch may need to be replaced or adjusted. That said, it can also point towards several other issues including damaged or worn out gear synchronizes.
Automatic transmissions act a little differently. Instead of making a grinding noise, you will likely feel it take some time to wiggle into gear at first instead of the typical smooth transitions. As the problem gets worse, the transitions into the next gear become more jarring and involve more shaking. There are a few other reasons for grinding or shaking, but the appropriate course of action is still to have it inspected and serviced.
研磨或摇动
汽车应该平稳运行，没有任何晃动或颠簸，也不应该有任何摩擦声。如果出现这些都表明齿轮有问题。手动变速器通常通过在换档时发出研磨噪音或感觉来指示问题。如果在接合离合器和换档后发生研磨，则表明可能需要更换或调整离合器。也就是说，它还可以指出其他几个问题，包括齿轮同步器损坏或磨损。
自动变速器的作用有些不同。而不是产生研磨噪音，你可能会感觉到，一开始需要一段时间换挡，而不是典型的平稳过渡。随着问题的恶化，进入下一个档位的过渡会变得更加刺耳，并涉及到更多的震动。研磨或摇动还有其他一些原因，但适当的操作过程仍然需要对其进行检查和维修。
Burning Smell
Any burning smell coming from your car is a cause for concern. Overheating transmission fluid is one of the causes of a burning smell. Transmission fluid helps keep the parts lubricated and cooled so that they don’t get worn out and damaged.
If the fluid breaks down, the system runs too hot which it results in increased friction and corrosive activity as well as the build up of additional sludge and debris. If this is not taken care of, the transmission will eventually damage itself enough to break down completely. The end result is an expensive replacement. Common causes include low fluid level or using the incorrect brand/type of fluid. To check for these, see the instructions in the section on Low/Leaking Fluid above.
烧焦味
你车里有烧焦的气味是值得关注的。变速器油过热是引起烧焦气味的原因之一。变速器油有助于保持零件的润滑和冷却，以免磨损和损坏。
如果油液损坏，系统运行太热，会导致摩擦和腐蚀性增加，以及额外的污泥和碎片积聚。如果不加以处理，变速器最终会损坏到足以完全崩溃的程度。最终结果是需要昂贵的更换。常见原因包括液位过低或使用了不正确的液体品牌/类型。要检查这些，请参阅上面关于低/泄漏液体一节中的说明。
Refuses to Go Into Gear
If the car will not shift after engaging the clutch and trying to move the stick, take a look at the fluid to make sure that it is at the right level. Other causes include using the incorrect thickness (type) of fluid and the clutch linkage or shift cables needing adjustment. The source of the problem could also be the vehicle’s computer system.
If you’ve already inspected the fluid, you can try resetting it. To do this, detach the battery and let it stand for thirty minutes. Then, reattach and allow the system to reset itself. This usually takes around thirty minutes. If this doesn’t work either, then it’s time to take it to a mechanic.
挂不上档
如果在接合离合器并尝试移动档杆后，汽车无法换档，请查看油液以确保其处于正确的水平位置。其他原因包括使用不正确的油液粘度（类型）和需要调整的离合器连杆或换档拉线。问题的根源也可能是车辆的计算机系统。
如果已经检查过油液，可以尝试重新设置。要执行此操作，请拆下电池并让其静置30分钟。然后，重新连接并允许系统自行重置。这通常需要30分钟左右。如果这也不起作用，那么是时候把它交给机械师了。
The check engine light located on your car’s dashboard is a great early indicator that something is about to go wrong (or already has) with your car, and in particular with your transmission. While the light turns on for a number of reasons other than transmission issues, it very important not to ignore this helpful warning sign.
There are sensors placed in many areas of a car’s engine that alert the computer if it senses unusual activity coming from a particular process. The sensors on a transmission can pick up on the slightest jerks and vibrations than you are not able to see or feel.
Take the vehicle in and have it inspected. They can take look and immediately tell what is happening through the use of similar diagnostic tools and the car’s computer. You can also view a list of common transmission diagnostic trouble codes.
If you’d like to diagnose the problem yourself (and possibly save yourself a trip to the mechanic’s) you can buy a diagnostic scan tool that is plugged into the instrument panel on the driver’s side and return a code that corresponds to the part that needs attention. Whatever you do, do not assume that the check engine light can wait because it might be warning you of a serious problem in the near future.
检查发动机灯
位于汽车仪表板上的“检查发动机”指示灯是一个很好的早期诊断指示灯，指示您的汽车，特别是变速器即将发生故障（或已经发生故障）。尽管灯的开启有很多原因，除了传输问题，但重要的是不要忽略这个有用的警告标志。
在汽车发动机的许多区域都安装了传感器，当计算机检测到来自某个特定过程的异常活动时，这些传感器会向计算机发出警报。变速器上的传感器可以在你看不见或感觉不到的最轻微的震动和振动中接收到信号。
把车开进去检查一下。他们可以通过使用类似的诊断工具和汽车的计算机来观察并立即判断发生了什么。您还可以查看常见的变速器故障诊断代码列表。
如果您想自己诊断故障（并可能为自己节省一次去修理厂的行程），您可以购买一个插入驾驶员侧仪表板的故障诊断仪，并返回一个与需要注意的零件对应的代码。无论你做什么，不要以为“检查引擎”灯可以等待，因为它可能警告会在不久的将来出现一个严重的问题。
Transmission Noisy in Neutral
Luckily, a transmission that is noisy (goes “bump”) when it is in neutral could have an inexpensive, simple solution such as adding some fluid or changing it. This could do the trick, as it does for several other issues on this list. If that doesn’t work, the transmission may require professional attention to replace worn out parts, most commonly the bearings, worn gear teeth or the reverse idler gear.
变速器在空档时有噪音
幸运的是，当变速器处于空档时发出噪音（发出“碰撞”）的变速器可能有一个便宜、简单的解决方案，例如添加一些油液或更换油液。这可以做到这一点，因为它可以解决列表中的其他几个问题。如果不起作用，变速器可能需要专业人员注意更换磨损的零件，最常见的是轴承、磨损的齿轮齿或倒档惰轮。
A transmission stays in a designated gear until a shift is performed by the driver (manual) or the computer (automatic). If the transmission is spontaneously slipping in an out of gear (or simply popping into neutral) while driving, I don’t need to tell you that this is a serious safety risk. When you need to step on the gas to avoid a dangerous situation, you need power delivered to the wheels, end of story. The cause can be the link that holds the gears is worn or broken. Get your car inspected and repaired as soon as possible.
齿轮打滑
变速器保持在指定档位，直到驾驶员（手动）或计算机（自动）执行换档。如果变速器在行驶过程中自动挂档（或只是突然挂入空档），我不需要告诉你这是一个严重的安全风险。你需要踩油门以避免危险情况发生，你需要动力传递到车轮上，远离危险。原因可能是固定齿轮的连杆磨损或断裂。尽快检查和修理你的汽车。
Dragging Clutch
A dragging clutch describes the symptom experienced by manual transmissions that involves the clutch disk failing to disengage the flywheel when the clutch pedal is pressed. The clutch is still spinning with the engine which makes it anywhere from difficult to impossible to change gears. This difficulty is accompanied by a grinding noise each time you try to change gears.
Fortunately, this problem is considerably less expensive to repair than many other issues. More often than not, the cause of this is too much slack in the clutch pedal. With too much slack available, the linkage between the clutch disk and pedal can’t pull the clutch disk away from the flywheel.
离合器拖滞
拖滞离合器描述了手动变速器出现的症状，即当踩下离合器踏板时，离合器盘未能分离飞轮。离合器仍在与发动机一起旋转，这使得它在任何地方都很难换档。每次换档时，这种困难伴随着磨擦声。
幸运的是，与许多其他问题相比，修复此问题的成本要低得多。通常情况下，导致这种情况的原因是离合器踏板过松。如果可用的间隙过大，离合器盘和踏板之间的连杆就无法将离合器盘从飞轮上拉下来。
Has your transmission completely failed? Here are your 8 options to repair, replace, junk it, etc.
How Much Does a Remanufactured Transmission Cost?
On average, a remanufactured transmission will cost between $1,300 and $3,400, depending on the make and model of your vehicle. The cost of labor to install it is in addition to the price of the unit and will typically run between $400 and $800.
It is more expensive to replace your transmission with a reman than to have your transmission rebuilt for almost all makes & models.
However, if there is significant internal damage, the additional components and time required to get it back on the road may cause the final price of a transmission rebuild to be higher than a remanufactured transmission.
Here are the other differences between rebuilt vs. remanufactured transmissions.
再制造的变速器要多少钱？
根据车辆的品牌和型号，再制造变速器的平均价格在1300美元到3400美元之间。安装它的人工费用是该装置价格之外的额外费用，通常在400美元到800美元之间。
用再制造变速器更换比几乎所有的品牌和型号重新维修变速器要贵得多。
但是，如果存在严重的内部损坏，将其重新上路所需的额外部件和时间可能会导致变速器重建的最终价格高于再制造变速器。
以下是改装变速器与再制造变速器之间的其他区别。
Conclusion
It is important to keep up a regular maintenance schedule for your car. Many times major expensive repairs can be avoided if the vehicle is properly maintained. This is especially true if you notice something unusual. The car should be taken in immediately for service.
Brushing up on your knowledge of transmissions (at least the basics) is highly recommended as it can help you save money by avoiding costly inspections and doing simple procedures such as changing transmission fluid yourself as well as making you knowledgeable enough to avoid being over-repaired, over charged or simply ripped off.
结论
保持汽车的定期保养是很重要的。如果车辆保养得当，很多时候可以避免昂贵的大修。尤其是当你发现一些不寻常的事情时。这辆车应该立即送去维修。
强烈建议您学习变速器方面的知识（至少是基础知识），因为它可以通过避免昂贵的检查和执行简单的程序（如自己更换变速器油）来帮助您节省资金，同时使您具有足够的知识，以避免过度维修、过度收费或敲竹杠。
Fair Replacement Transmission Cost by Vehicle
更换变速器的公允价格
Find your transmission model in the table below for fair prices from reputable suppliers. Also fair labor cost for local installation at a local auto repair shop.
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Click Here To Look It Up By Your Year, Make, Model
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Fair Remanufactured Transmission Price Ranges by Transmission Model Updated for 2019
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